Haywood H C
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
Ups J Med Sci Suppl. 1987;44:191-203.
Mildly and moderately retarded persons perform in many psychological tasks, by definition, at lower levels than do nonretarded persons of equal chronological age (CA), but they also perform often at lower levels than do younger nonretarded persons of equal mental age (MA). "MA deficit" appears to derive in large part from experience, especially in four domains: (a) behavioral incompetence; (b) deficient cognitive structures, including the special case of communicative incompetence; (c) relative task-extrinsic motivational orientation; (d) negative social ecology, i.e., unproductive person-setting matches. The very experience of being retarded makes one more so. Treatment designed at least to overcome the MA deficit should be focused on these domains.
根据定义，轻度和中度智力迟钝者在许多心理任务中的表现，低于实际年龄（CA）相同的非智力迟钝者，但他们的表现也常常低于心理年龄（MA）相同的较年轻非智力迟钝者。“心理年龄缺陷”似乎在很大程度上源于经验，尤其是在四个方面：（a）行为能力不足；（b）认知结构缺陷，包括沟通能力不足这种特殊情况；（c）相对任务外在的动机取向；（d）消极的社会生态，即人与环境的匹配低效。智力迟钝本身的经历会使人更加如此。至少旨在克服心理年龄缺陷的治疗应聚焦于这些方面。
