Santos Jader, Timpanaro André, Landi Gabriel
Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05314-970, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazi.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jul 12;22(7):763. doi: 10.3390/e22070763.
We study the statistics of heat exchange of a quantum system that collides sequentially with an arbitrary number of ancillas. This can describe, for instance, an accelerated particle going through a bubble chamber. Unlike other approaches in the literature, our focus is on the probability distribution that heat Q 1 is exchanged with ancilla 1, heat Q 2 is exchanged with ancilla 2, and so on. This allows us to address questions concerning the correlations between the collisional events. For instance, if in a given realization a large amount of heat is exchanged with the first ancilla, then there is a natural tendency for the second exchange to be smaller. The joint distribution is found to satisfy a Fluctuation theorem of the Jarzynski-Wójcik type. Rather surprisingly, this fluctuation theorem links the statistics of multiple collisions with that of independent single collisions, even though the heat exchanges are statistically correlated.
我们研究了一个量子系统与任意数量的辅助系统依次碰撞时的热交换统计。例如，这可以描述一个加速粒子穿过气泡室的情况。与文献中的其他方法不同，我们关注的是与辅助系统1交换热量Q1、与辅助系统2交换热量Q2等等的概率分布。这使我们能够解决有关碰撞事件之间相关性的问题。例如，在给定的一次实现中，如果与第一个辅助系统交换了大量热量，那么第二次交换自然会有变小的趋势。发现联合分布满足Jarzynski-Wójcik型的涨落定理。相当令人惊讶的是，尽管热交换在统计上是相关的，但这个涨落定理将多次碰撞的统计与独立单次碰撞的统计联系了起来。
