Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
Molecules. 2020 Dec 3;25(23):5709. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235709.
Plant polyphenols are a broad group of bioactive compounds characterized by different chemical and structural properties, low bioavailability, and several in vitro biological activities. Among these compounds, lignans (a non-flavonoid polyphenolic class found in plant foods for human nutrition) have been recently studied as potential modulators of the gut-brain axis. In particular, gut bacterial metabolism is able to convert dietary lignans into therapeutically relevant polyphenols (i.e., enterolignans), such as enterolactone and enterodiol. Enterolignans are characterized by various biologic activities, including tissue-specific estrogen receptor activation, together with anti-inflammatory and apoptotic effects. However, variation in enterolignans production by the gut microbiota is strictly related to both bioaccessibility and bioavailability of lignans through the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the most important dietary source of lignans, exploring the interesting interplay between gut metabolites, gut microbiota, and the so-called gut-brain axis.
植物多酚是一大类具有不同化学和结构特性的生物活性化合物，其生物利用度低，具有多种体外生物学活性。在这些化合物中，木脂素（一种存在于植物性食物中的非类黄酮多酚类物质，可被人体用于营养）最近被研究为肠道-大脑轴的潜在调节剂。特别是，肠道细菌代谢能够将膳食木脂素转化为具有治疗意义的多酚（即肠内异落叶松酚），如肠内异落叶松酚和肠内二酚。肠内异落叶松酚具有多种生物学活性，包括组织特异性雌激素受体激活，以及抗炎和凋亡作用。然而，肠道微生物群对肠内异落叶松酚的产生存在差异，这与木脂素在整个胃肠道的生物利用度和生物利用度密切相关。因此，在这篇综述中，我们总结了木脂素最重要的饮食来源，探讨了肠道代谢物、肠道菌群和所谓的肠道-大脑轴之间有趣的相互作用。
