Kedinger M, Haffen K, Simon-Assmann P
INSERM Unité 61 (Biologie Cellulaire et Physiopathologie Digestive), Strasbourg, France.
Differentiation. 1987;36(1):71-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00182.x.
The culture of animal cells and tissues is a widely used technique in the field of cellular and molecular biology; one of the most interesting aspect being linked to the study of the mechanisms of cell differentiation. In the specific case of intestinal epithelial cells, various tissue culture technologies have proved to be important tools for the study of precise facets related to intestinal function, pathology and differentiation. Concerning this latter aspect, organ culture experiments have brought about interesting data on the hormonal or nutritional control of intestinal maturation. Nevertheless, the study of the precise mechanisms underlying epithelial proliferation and/or differentiation at the cellular level needs more adequate cell culture model systems. One of them has been described for two cell lines derived from human colonic adenocarcinomas, in which the cells can be induced to achieve enterocytic-like differentiation. Up to date, none of the continuous cell lines starting from normal undifferentiated cells have allowed generation of morphological or functional enterocytic polarity. In contrast, primary cell cultures which allow maintenance of a more physiological environment for the epithelial cells like contacts with their in vivo counterparts, mesenchymal cells or extracellular matrix molecules, have proved to be promising approaches.
动物细胞和组织培养是细胞与分子生物学领域广泛应用的技术；其中最有趣的一个方面与细胞分化机制的研究相关。在肠上皮细胞的特定情况下，各种组织培养技术已被证明是研究与肠道功能、病理和分化相关的精确方面的重要工具。关于后一个方面，器官培养实验已得出有关肠道成熟的激素或营养控制的有趣数据。然而，在细胞水平上研究上皮细胞增殖和/或分化的精确机制需要更合适的细胞培养模型系统。其中一种已针对源自人结肠腺癌的两种细胞系进行了描述，在这些细胞系中，细胞可被诱导实现肠细胞样分化。迄今为止，从正常未分化细胞起始的连续细胞系中，没有一种能够产生形态学或功能性的肠细胞极性。相比之下，原代细胞培养能够为上皮细胞维持更接近生理状态的环境，例如与它们在体内的对应物、间充质细胞或细胞外基质分子接触，已被证明是很有前景的方法。
