Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Virology (DBM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
Viruses. 2020 Dec 3;12(12):1385. doi: 10.3390/v12121385.
Despite the introduction of combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection cannot be cured and is still one of the major health issues worldwide. Indeed, as soon as cART is interrupted, a rapid rebound of viremia is observed. The establishment of viral latency and the persistence of the virus in cellular reservoirs constitute the main barrier to HIV eradication. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches have emerged to purge or restrain the HIV-1 reservoirs in order to cure infected patients. However, the viral latency is a multifactorial process that depends on various cellular mechanisms. Since these new therapies mainly target viral transcription, their development requires a detailed and precise understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying HIV-1 transcription. In this review, we discuss the complex molecular transcriptional network regulating HIV-1 gene expression by focusing on the involvement of host cell factors that could be used as potential drug targets to design new therapeutic strategies and, to a larger extent, to reach an HIV-1 functional cure.
尽管联合抗逆转录病毒疗法（cART）已经问世，但 HIV-1 感染仍无法治愈，仍是全球主要健康问题之一。实际上，一旦中断 cART，病毒血症就会迅速反弹。病毒潜伏期的建立和病毒在细胞储库中的持续存在是 HIV 根除的主要障碍。出于这个原因，出现了新的治疗方法来清除或抑制 HIV-1 储库，以治愈感染患者。然而，病毒潜伏期是一个多因素过程，取决于各种细胞机制。由于这些新疗法主要针对病毒转录，因此它们的开发需要详细和精确地了解 HIV-1 转录的调节机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了调节 HIV-1 基因表达的复杂分子转录网络，重点关注宿主细胞因子的参与，这些因子可被用作潜在的药物靶点，以设计新的治疗策略，并在更大程度上实现 HIV-1 的功能性治愈。
