Balaky Salah Tofik Jalal, Zaki Abdullah Sahar Mohammed, Alexander Markov, Maashi Marwah Suliman, Alkaim Ayad F, Shahriyari Sara, Tabari Fariba, Kazemi Elham
Medical Microbiology Department , College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Irbil, Iraq.
Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2020 Oct 31;66(7):143-151.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus, first identified in Wuhan, China, caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which soon became a global pandemic, as labelled by the World Health Organization (WHO). The transmission method of the infection is primarily through droplets of various sizes. The SARS-CoV2 virus leads to a severe respiratory illness which in the first place causes the simulation of the acute respiratory syndrome. In order to diagnose of COVID-19 efficiently, samples with infection probability need to be examined through histopathological methods. Survival chances of the infected can remarkably increase if the virus is diagnosed timely by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest. One of the destructive effects of COVID-19 is the formation of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the lungs which might be regarded to be equivalent to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). COVID-19 acts very similarly to SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which can be inactivated by the chemical compounds of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite. Epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 have been indicated by numerous studies; however, there is still a lack of details of pathologic changes in the lung. The present comprehensive review is an attempt to assess and cover the current state of knowledge on COVID-19 disease based on the histopathologic studies conducted before May 2020.
严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）冠状病毒2（CoV2）病毒最初在中国武汉被发现，引发了2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），世界卫生组织（WHO）将其列为全球大流行病。该感染的传播方式主要是通过各种大小的飞沫。SARS-CoV2病毒会导致严重的呼吸系统疾病，首先会引发急性呼吸综合征的症状。为了有效诊断COVID-19，需要通过组织病理学方法检查具有感染可能性的样本。如果通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）或胸部计算机断层扫描（CT）及时诊断出病毒，感染者的存活几率会显著提高。COVID-19的破坏性影响之一是肺部出现磨玻璃影（GGO），这可能被认为等同于高原肺水肿（HAPE）。COVID-19的作用与SARS和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）非常相似，乙醇和次氯酸钠等化合物可将其灭活。众多研究已经表明了COVID-19的流行病学特征；然而，肺部病理变化的细节仍然缺乏。本综述旨在根据2020年5月之前进行的组织病理学研究，评估并涵盖关于COVID-19疾病的当前知识状况。
