He Mengxue, Tan Chin-Ping, Xu Yong-Jiang, Liu Yuanfa
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, China.
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
Food Res Int. 2020 Dec;138(Pt B):109812. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109812. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious disease that endangers human health and is one of the leading causes of death. Recent studies have reported that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of CVD, especially its metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Dietary precursors, such as choline, L-carnitine, phosphatidylcholine and betaine were metabolized to trimethylamine (TMA) under the action of gut microbiota, and subsequently oxidized by hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) to form TMAO. Dietary fat is one of three major nutrients in food, has been found to have a positive or negative effect on the development of CVD. Multiple clinical and experimental evidences suggested that dietary fatty acids (FAs) can affect TMAO production through gut microbiota and/or FMO3 enzyme activity. This article summarizes the existing gut microbiota-mediated reduction of TMA, discusses the molecular mechanism of dietary FAs in the pathobiology of CVD from the view of TMAO. Therefore, this review provides new insight into the association of dietary FAs and CVD, paving the way for dietary FAs therapy for CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病，是主要死因之一。最近的研究报道，肠道微生物群在心血管疾病的发展中起重要作用，尤其是其代谢产物氧化三甲胺（TMAO）。膳食前体，如胆碱、左旋肉碱、磷脂酰胆碱和甜菜碱，在肠道微生物群的作用下代谢为三甲胺（TMA），随后被肝脏黄素单加氧酶（FMOs）氧化形成TMAO。膳食脂肪是食物中的三大主要营养素之一，已发现其对心血管疾病的发展有正面或负面影响。多项临床和实验证据表明，膳食脂肪酸（FAs）可通过肠道微生物群和/或FMO3酶活性影响TMAO的产生。本文总结了现有的肠道微生物群介导的TMA还原，从TMAO的角度探讨了膳食脂肪酸在心血管疾病病理生物学中的分子机制。因此，本综述为膳食脂肪酸与心血管疾病的关联提供了新的见解，为心血管疾病的膳食脂肪酸治疗铺平了道路。
