Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53703;
Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53703.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Dec 22;117(51):32197-32206. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014859117. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Research indicates that core dimensions of psychological well-being can be cultivated through intentional mental training. Despite growing research in this area and an increasing number of interventions designed to improve psychological well-being, the field lacks a unifying framework that clarifies the dimensions of human flourishing that can be cultivated. Here, we integrate evidence from well-being research, cognitive and affective neuroscience, and clinical psychology to highlight four core dimensions of well-being-awareness, connection, insight, and purpose. We discuss the importance of each dimension for psychological well-being, identify mechanisms that underlie their cultivation, and present evidence of their neural and psychological plasticity. This synthesis highlights key insights, as well as important gaps, in the scientific understanding of well-being and how it may be cultivated, thus highlighting future research directions.
研究表明，心理幸福感的核心维度可以通过有目的的心理训练来培养。尽管该领域的研究不断增加，并且有越来越多的干预措施旨在改善心理健康，但该领域缺乏一个统一的框架来阐明可以培养的人类繁荣的维度。在这里，我们整合了幸福感研究、认知和情感神经科学以及临床心理学的证据，强调了幸福感的四个核心维度——意识、联系、洞察力和目标。我们讨论了每个维度对心理幸福感的重要性，确定了它们培养的基础机制，并提出了它们的神经和心理可塑性的证据。这种综合强调了幸福感的科学理解的关键见解，以及如何培养幸福感的重要差距，从而突出了未来的研究方向。
