Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Oct;177(19):4386-4399. doi: 10.1111/bph.15208. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
A significant number of cannabinoids are known to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases. Due to their presynaptic/terminal location, cannabinoid receptors can inhibit synaptic transmission and have the potential to regulate neurogenic inflammation. Neurogenic inflammation occurs when a noxious signal is detected in the periphery initiating an antidromic axon reflex in the same sensory neurone leading to depolarization of the afferent terminal. Neuropeptides are subsequently released and contribute to vasodilation, plasma extravasation and modulation of immune cells. Endocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids can reduce neuroinflammation by inhibiting afferent firing and inflammatory neuropeptide release. Thus, in addition to a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle and inflammatory cells, cannabinoids can reduce inflammation by silencing small diameter neurones. This review examines the neuropharmacological processes involved in regulating antidromic depolarization of afferent nerve terminals by cannabinoids and the control of neurogenic inflammation in different diseases.
已知大量大麻素具有在各种疾病中的镇痛和抗炎特性。由于它们位于突触前/末端位置，大麻素受体可以抑制突触传递，并且有可能调节神经原性炎症。当在外周检测到有害信号时，会发生神经原性炎症，从而引发同一感觉神经元中的逆行轴突反射，导致传入末端去极化。随后释放神经肽并有助于血管扩张、血浆渗出和免疫细胞的调节。内源性大麻素、合成大麻素和植物大麻素可以通过抑制传入放电和炎症神经肽的释放来减少神经炎症。因此，除了对血管平滑肌和炎症细胞的直接影响外，大麻素还可以通过沉默小直径神经元来减少炎症。本综述检查了大麻素调节传入神经末梢逆行去极化的神经药理学过程，以及在不同疾病中对神经原性炎症的控制。
