Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.
Department of Prevention, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil.
Pathobiology. 2021;88(2):127-140. doi: 10.1159/000512175. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and deadly neoplasms worldwide. Genetic factors, lifestyle habits, and inflammation are important risk factors associated with CRC development. In recent years, growing evidence has supporting the significant role of the intestinal microbiome in CRC carcinogenesis. Disturbances in the healthy microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, are frequently observed in these patients. Pathogenic microorganisms that induce intestinal dysbiosis have become an important target to determine the role of bacterial infection in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, the presence of different bacterial strains, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, has been detected in tissue and stool from patients with CRC and associated with substantial clinical and molecular features, as well as with patient therapy response. Therefore, understanding how the presence and levels of F. nucleatumstrains in the gut affect the risk of CRC onset and progression may inform suitable candidates for interventions focused on modulation of this bacteria. Here we review new insights into the role of gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis and the clinical utility of using the detection of F. nucleatum in different settings such as screening, prognosis, and microbiota modulation as a means to prevent cancer, augment therapies, and reduce adverse effects of treatment.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见和最致命的肿瘤之一。遗传因素、生活方式习惯和炎症是与 CRC 发展相关的重要危险因素。近年来，越来越多的证据支持肠道微生物组在 CRC 发生中的重要作用。在这些患者中，经常观察到健康微生物平衡的紊乱，即失调。诱导肠道失调的致病微生物已成为确定细菌感染在肿瘤发生中的作用的重要目标。有趣的是，不同的细菌菌株，如具核梭杆菌，已在 CRC 患者的组织和粪便中被检测到，并与大量的临床和分子特征以及患者的治疗反应相关。因此，了解肠道中 F. nucleatum 菌株的存在和水平如何影响 CRC 发病和进展的风险，可能有助于确定适合干预措施的候选人群，这些干预措施侧重于调节这种细菌。在这里，我们综述了肠道微生物群在 CRC 发生中的作用的新见解，以及在不同情况下使用具核梭杆菌检测的临床应用，如筛查、预后和微生物群调节，作为预防癌症、增强治疗效果和减少治疗不良反应的手段。
