Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Dec 4;18(12):619. doi: 10.3390/md18120619.
The marine environment is a rich source of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases, especially cancer. The adaptation to unique environmental conditions led marine organisms to evolve different pathways than their terrestrial counterparts, thus producing unique chemicals with a broad diversity and complexity. So far, more than 36,000 compounds have been isolated from marine micro- and macro-organisms including but not limited to fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, corals, mollusks and tunicates, with hundreds of new marine natural products (MNPs) being discovered every year. Marine-based pharmaceuticals have started to impact modern pharmacology and different anti-cancer drugs derived from marine compounds have been approved for clinical use, such as: cytarabine, vidarabine, nelarabine (prodrug of ara-G), fludarabine phosphate (pro-drug of ara-A), trabectedin, eribulin mesylate, brentuximab vedotin, polatuzumab vedotin, enfortumab vedotin, belantamab mafodotin, plitidepsin, and lurbinectedin. This review focuses on the bioactive molecules derived from the marine environment with anticancer activity, discussing their families, origin, structural features and therapeutic use.
海洋环境是治疗人类疾病（尤其是癌症）的生物活性分子的丰富来源。海洋生物为适应独特的环境条件，进化出了与陆地生物不同的途径，从而产生了具有广泛多样性和复杂性的独特化学物质。迄今为止，已经从海洋微生物和宏观生物中分离出了 36000 多种化合物，包括但不限于真菌、细菌、微藻、海藻、海绵、珊瑚、软体动物和被囊动物，每年都有数百种新的海洋天然产物（MNPs）被发现。基于海洋的药物已开始对现代药理学产生影响，并且已经有几种从海洋化合物中提取的抗癌药物被批准用于临床，例如：阿糖胞苷、阿昔洛韦、阿糖胞苷（ara-G 的前药）、氟达拉滨磷酸（ara-A 的前药）、曲贝替定、艾立布林、本妥昔单抗维达昔单抗、泊马度胺、贝利司他单抗、普雷西替尼和鲁比卡丁。本文综述了具有抗癌活性的海洋环境来源的生物活性分子，讨论了它们的家族、来源、结构特征和治疗用途。
