Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Viruses. 2020 Dec 4;12(12):1390. doi: 10.3390/v12121390.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread globally with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. Antigen-specific responses are of unquestionable value for clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Here, we investigated the kinetics of IgM, IgG against the spike (S) and nucleoproteins (N) proteins and their neutralizing capabilities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different disease presentations (i.e., mild, moderate or severe), need for intensive care units (ICU) admission or outcomes (i.e., survival vs death). We show that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were readily detectable in almost all COVID-19 patients with various clinical presentations. Interestingly, significantly higher levels of nAbs as well as anti-S1 and -N IgG and IgM antibodies were found in patients with more severe symptoms, patients requiring admission to ICU or those with fatal outcomes. More importantly, early after symptoms onset, we found that the levels of anti-N antibodies correlated strongly with disease severity. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the kinetics of antibody responses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severity.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，目前在全球仍广泛传播，具有很高的发病率和死亡率。针对抗原的特异性反应对于 COVID-19 患者的临床管理具有重要意义。在这里，我们研究了不同临床表现（轻症、中症或重症）、是否需要入住重症监护病房（ICU）或结局（存活与死亡）的住院 COVID-19 患者中针对刺突（S）蛋白和核衣壳蛋白（N）的 IgM、IgG 及其中和能力的动力学。我们发现，具有不同临床表现的 COVID-19 患者几乎都能轻易检测到针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 IgG、IgM 和中和抗体（nAbs）。有趣的是，在症状出现后不久，我们发现，病情更严重、需要入住 ICU 或死亡的患者体内的 nAbs 以及抗 S1 和抗 N IgG 和 IgM 抗体水平显著更高。更重要的是，我们发现，抗 N 抗体的水平与疾病严重程度密切相关。综上所述，这些发现为不同疾病严重程度的 COVID-19 患者的抗体反应动力学提供了新的见解。
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