Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 22;12(1):1813. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22034-1.
Long-term antibody responses and neutralizing activities in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet clear. Here we quantify immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) or the nucleocapsid (N) protein, and neutralizing antibodies during a period of 6 months from COVID-19 disease onset in 349 symptomatic COVID-19 patients who were among the first be infected world-wide. The positivity rate and magnitude of IgM-S and IgG-N responses increase rapidly. High levels of IgM-S/N and IgG-S/N at 2-3 weeks after disease onset are associated with virus control and IgG-S titers correlate closely with the capacity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Although specific IgM-S/N become undetectable 12 weeks after disease onset in most patients, IgG-S/N titers have an intermediate contraction phase, but stabilize at relatively high levels over the 6 month observation period. At late time points, the positivity rates for binding and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies are still >70%. These data indicate sustained humoral immunity in recovered patients who had symptomatic COVID-19, suggesting prolonged immunity.
长期的针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的抗体反应和中和活性尚不清楚。在这里，我们在 COVID-19 发病后 6 个月的时间内，对 349 名症状性 COVID-19 患者（他们是全球首批感染者之一）的免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）和 G（IgG）抗体识别 SARS-CoV-2 刺突（S）或核衣壳（N）蛋白的受体结合域（RBD）以及中和抗体进行了定量。IgM-S 和 IgG-N 反应的阳性率和幅度迅速增加。发病后 2-3 周时 IgM-S/N 和 IgG-S/N 水平较高与病毒控制有关，并且 IgG-S 滴度与中和 SARS-CoV-2 的能力密切相关。尽管大多数患者在发病后 12 周时针对 IgM-S/N 的特异性变得不可检测，但 IgG-S/N 滴度会出现中间收缩阶段，但在 6 个月的观察期内仍稳定在相对较高的水平。在晚期，针对 SARS-CoV-2 的结合和中和抗体的阳性率仍>70％。这些数据表明，有症状的 COVID-19 康复患者具有持续的体液免疫，提示存在长期免疫。
