Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Cell Rep Med. 2021 Apr 20;2(4):100253. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100253. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
The fate of protective immunity following mild severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains ill defined. Here, we characterize antibody responses in a cohort of participants recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with follow-up to 6 months. We measure immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG binding and avidity to viral antigens and assess neutralizing antibody responses over time. Furthermore, we correlate the effect of fever, gender, age, and time since symptom onset with antibody responses. We observe that total anti-S trimer, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), and anti-nucleocapsid protein (NP) IgG are relatively stable over 6 months of follow-up, that anti-S and anti-RBD avidity increases over time, and that fever is associated with higher levels of antibodies. However, neutralizing antibody responses rapidly decay and are strongly associated with declines in IgM levels. Thus, while total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 may persist, functional antibody, particularly IgM, is rapidly lost. These observations have implications for the duration of protective immunity following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
轻度严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）感染后保护性免疫的命运仍然不明确。在这里，我们对从轻度 SARS-CoV-2 感染中恢复的参与者队列中的抗体反应进行了特征描述，并进行了长达 6 个月的随访。我们测量了针对病毒抗原的免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）、IgM 和 IgG 的结合和亲和力，并评估了随时间推移的中和抗体反应。此外，我们还将发热、性别、年龄和症状出现后时间与抗体反应相关联。我们观察到，在 6 个月的随访期间，总抗 S 三聚体、抗受体结合域（RBD）和抗核衣壳蛋白（NP）IgG 相对稳定，抗 S 和抗 RBD 的亲和力随时间增加，发热与抗体水平升高相关。然而，中和抗体反应迅速下降，与 IgM 水平下降密切相关。因此，尽管针对 SARS-CoV-2 的总抗体可能持续存在，但功能性抗体，特别是 IgM，迅速丢失。这些观察结果对轻度 SARS-CoV-2 感染后保护性免疫的持续时间具有重要意义。
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