益生菌预防成人上呼吸道感染：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析

Probiotics for Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

作者信息

Li Laodong, Hong KangKang, Sun Qixiang, Xiao Huan, Lai Lejin, Ming Moyu, Li Chaoqian

机构信息

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545005, China.

出版信息

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Oct 26;2020:8734140. doi: 10.1155/2020/8734140. eCollection 2020.

DOI:10.1155/2020/8734140

PMID:33293995

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7718055/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common and burdensome infectious illness. Several trials have reported that probiotics can prevent URTIs in adults.

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics in the prevention of URTIs in adults.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for reports published from database inception to May 14, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing probiotics with placebo for the prevention of URTIs in adults were included.

RESULTS

Six RCTs with 1551 participants were included. Compared with the placebo group, the probiotics intervention group significantly reduced the incidence of URTI episodes (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.87; < 0.0001; = 26%), the episode rate of URTIs (rate ratio: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.86; = 0.0002; = 99%), and the mean duration of one episode of URTI (MD: -2.66; 95% CI: -4.79 to -0.54; = 0.01; = 80%). The adverse events of probiotics were mainly mild gastrointestinal symptoms. There were no significant differences in occurrence rate of adverse effects between probiotics intervention and placebo group (rate ratio: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.26; = 0.96; = 99%).

CONCLUSION

Low-quality evidence provides support that probiotics have potential efficacy for preventing URTI episodes in adults. More trials are required to confirm this conclusion.

摘要

背景

上呼吸道感染（URTIs）是常见且负担较重的感染性疾病。多项试验报告称益生菌可预防成人上呼吸道感染。

目的

评估益生菌预防成人上呼吸道感染的疗效和安全性。

方法

检索PubMed、科学网、Embase和Cochrane图书馆，查找从数据库建立至2020年5月14日发表的报告。纳入比较益生菌与安慰剂预防成人上呼吸道感染的随机对照试验（RCTs）。

结果

纳入6项随机对照试验，共1551名参与者。与安慰剂组相比，益生菌干预组显著降低了上呼吸道感染发作的发生率（风险比：0.77；95%置信区间：0.68至0.87；P<0.0001；I² = 26%）、上呼吸道感染的发作率（率比：0.72；95%置信区间：0.60至0.86；P = 0.0002；I² = 99%）以及上呼吸道感染单次发作的平均持续时间（均差：-2.66；95%置信区间：-4.79至-0.54；P = 0.01；I² = 80%）。益生菌的不良事件主要为轻度胃肠道症状。益生菌干预组与安慰剂组的不良反应发生率无显著差异（率比：1.01；95%置信区间：0.80至1.26；P = 0.96；I² = 99%）。