Ji W J, Du J, Li X L, Liu Y J, Liang A M
Department of Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2020 Nov 10;41(11):1818-1823. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200313-00333.
To analyze the incidence of eating problems and risk factors in children aged 1-6 years, and provide evidence for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies. From June to December 2019, two community health service centers and two kindergartens were randomly selected in Shunyi district of Beijing by using stratified random cluster sampling method. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect data on individual information, family information, and the incidence of eating problems and related factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify related factors. A total of 2 391 valid questionnaires were returned, the analysis result indicated that 1 432 children had at least one eating behavior problem, the incidence rate was 59.9. The most common eating problem was inattention while eating (48.8), followed by irregular eating position (14.0), picky eaters (13.0), excessive eating time (11.2), excessive snacks intake (9.0), and soup with rice (4.6). The mother's education level, family income level, main caregivers and family members' attitudes toward child's eating were related factors for eating behavior problems in children. Mothers with high education level (=0.528, 95: 0.431-0.647) and family with high income level (=0.656, 95: 0.473- 0.909) were the protective factors for child's poor eating behaviors. Grandparent caring (=1.366, 95: 1.151-1.622), coaxing or forcing child to eat (=1.581, 95: 1.284-1.947) were the risk factors for child's poor eating behavior. The incidence of eating problems was high in children aged 1-6 years. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention in families with low-income and low-education levels and children raised by grandparents to reduce the incidence of poor eating behaviors in children.
分析1-6岁儿童饮食问题的发生率及其危险因素，为制定相关防控策略提供依据。2019年6月至12月，采用分层随机整群抽样方法，在北京顺义区随机选取两个社区卫生服务中心和两所幼儿园。采用自行设计的问卷收集个体信息、家庭信息、饮食问题发生率及相关因素的数据。进行多变量logistic回归分析以确定相关因素。共回收有效问卷2391份，分析结果显示，1432名儿童至少存在一种饮食行为问题，发生率为59.9%。最常见的饮食问题是进食时注意力不集中（48.8%），其次是进食姿势不规律（14.0%）、挑食（13.0%）、进食时间过长（11.2%）、零食摄入过多（9.0%）和汤泡饭（4.6%）。母亲的教育水平、家庭收入水平、主要照顾者及家庭成员对孩子饮食的态度是儿童饮食行为问题的相关因素。母亲受教育程度高（比值比=0.528，95%可信区间：0.431-0.647）和家庭收入水平高（比值比=0.656，95%可信区间：0.473-0.909）是儿童不良饮食行为的保护因素。由祖父母照顾（比值比=1.366，95%可信区间：1.151-1.622）、哄骗或强迫孩子进食（比值比=1.581，95%可信区间：1.284-1.947）是儿童不良饮食行为的危险因素。1-6岁儿童饮食问题发生率较高。有必要加强对低收入、低教育水平家庭及由祖父母抚养的儿童的干预，以降低儿童不良饮食行为的发生率。
