Risk factors for poor health outcomes for male dairy calves undergoing transportation in western Canada.

The condition of 640 male dairy calves was recorded and their health deterioration, morbidity, and mortality evaluated after long-distance transport. Assessments included a health examination, weight estimation, and measure of failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). A McNemar Test and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effects of pre-transport condition on subsequent health. Before transport, calf health and age at shipping varied between farms; overall, 17%, 8%, and 12% of calves had diarrhea, navel disease, and FTPI, respectively, and calves were transported at a median age of 5 days. In their first 2 weeks after transportation, 23% and 44% of calves were treated for diarrhea and bovine respiratory disease (BRD), respectively, and 4% died. Calves with navel disease, low body weight, and a depressed attitude at the farm of origin were more likely to experience negative health outcomes. Better health before transportation is needed to protect the subsequent health and welfare of young calves.