University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France.
Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2222:363-379. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_18.
Fluorochrome banding (chromomycin, Hoechst, and DAPI) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are excellent molecular cytogenetic tools providing various possibilities in the study of chromosomal evolution and genome organization. The constitutive heterochromatin and rRNA genes are the most widely used FISH markers. The rDNA is organized into two distinct gene families (18S-5.8S-26S and 5S) whose number and location vary within the complex of closely related species. Therefore, they are widely used as chromosomal landmarks to provide valuable evidence concerning genome evolution at chromosomal levels.
荧光染料带（chromomycin、Hoechst 和 DAPI）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）是出色的分子细胞遗传学工具，为研究染色体进化和基因组组织提供了各种可能性。组成性异染色质和 rRNA 基因是最广泛使用的 FISH 标记物。rDNA 组织成两个不同的基因家族（18S-5.8S-26S 和 5S），其数量和位置在密切相关的物种复合体中有所不同。因此，它们被广泛用作染色体标记物，为染色体水平的基因组进化提供有价值的证据。
