Nursing Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
J Adv Nurs. 2021 Feb;77(2):763-774. doi: 10.1111/jan.14635. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
This study aimed to explore the impact of preceptor clinical teaching behaviours on transition shock in graduate nurses using bi-directional feedback between graduate nurses and clinical preceptors and to assess preceptor clinical teaching behaviours.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
This study was conducted from January-February 2019. Participants included graduate nurses (N = 117) and clinical preceptors (N = 908) from a major public tertiary hospital in Western China.
Overall level of transition shock of graduate nurses was moderate (mean = 89 SD 17.54). Transition shock level of graduate nurses rose with the increasing of time in clinical work. Intensive care unit graduate nurses suffered the strongest transition shock, whereas surgery graduate nurses suffered the least. Graduate nurses thought that clinical preceptors were best at evaluation and feedback, whereas clinical preceptors thought they were best at showing concern and support. The primary factors associated with transition shock in graduate nurses were the time admitted to the hospital, feedback, and evaluation, use of appropriate teaching strategies, and showing concern and support, explaining 63.5% of the total variation in transition shock in graduate nurses.
In Western China, where the development of economic and medical conditions lag, transition shock is a major obstacle to the professional development of graduate nurses and clinical teaching behaviours is the key to overcoming transition obstacles. However, the serious shortage of nurses makes it difficult to not only complete heavy clinical nursing work but also to undertake the teaching of students and graduate nurses. The clinical teaching system is influenced by many factors. Focusing on clinical teaching behaviours and transition shock in graduate nurses will provide valuable data for future intervention studies.
The findings of this study will be of interest to managers at all levels and will enable them to support graduate nurses by engaging in excellent clinical teaching behaviours. In the clinical teaching process, giving more feedback and evaluation, improving the ability of using appropriate teaching strategies and focusing on the physical and mental health of graduate nurses may effectively decrease transition shock of graduate nurses and reduce the turnover rate.
本研究旨在通过研究生护士与临床导师之间的双向反馈，探讨导师临床教学行为对研究生护士过渡冲击的影响，并评估导师临床教学行为。
这是一项描述性的横断面研究。
本研究于 2019 年 1 月至 2 月进行，参与者包括来自中国西部一家主要公立三甲医院的研究生护士（n=117）和临床导师（n=908）。
研究生护士过渡冲击的总体水平为中度（均值=89，标准差 17.54）。研究生护士的过渡冲击水平随着临床工作时间的增加而上升。重症监护病房的研究生护士受到的冲击最大，而外科的研究生护士受到的冲击最小。研究生护士认为临床导师在评估和反馈方面表现最好，而临床导师认为他们在关心和支持方面表现最好。与研究生护士过渡冲击相关的主要因素是住院时间、反馈和评估、使用适当的教学策略以及关心和支持，这些因素解释了研究生护士过渡冲击总变异的 63.5%。
在经济和医疗条件发展滞后的中国西部地区，过渡冲击是研究生护士职业发展的主要障碍，而临床教学行为是克服过渡障碍的关键。然而，护士严重短缺，不仅使他们难以完成繁重的临床护理工作，还难以承担学生和研究生护士的教学工作。临床教学系统受到许多因素的影响。关注研究生护士的临床教学行为和过渡冲击，将为未来的干预研究提供有价值的数据。
本研究结果将引起各级管理人员的兴趣，并使他们能够通过实施优秀的临床教学行为来支持研究生护士。在临床教学过程中，给予更多的反馈和评估，提高使用适当教学策略的能力，关注研究生护士的身心健康，可能会有效降低研究生护士的过渡冲击，降低离职率。
