Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Aug;73:219-264. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
属的蔬菜，如大蒜（大蒜） ，洋葱，青葱，韭菜和韭菜，已被用于食品消费和药用多年。历史医学文献表明大蒜具有抗肿瘤，泻药，利尿剂，抗菌和抗真菌作用的治疗应用。具体而言，大蒜的抗肿瘤能力可以追溯到 3500 年前，作为在埃及使用的化疗药物。大蒜消费的其他有益效果包括降低血压，胆固醇，糖和脂质。大蒜的加工和老化导致产生无毒的有机硫副产品。这些含硫化合物，如大蒜素，二烯丙基硫醚，二烯丙基二硫化物，二烯丙基三硫化物，蒜氨酸，S-烯丙基半胱氨酸和 S-烯丙基巯基半胱氨酸，影响癌发生的各个阶段。这些大蒜衍生的植物化学物质的抗癌作用机制包括改变线粒体通透性，抑制血管生成，增强抗氧化和促凋亡特性以及调节细胞增殖。这些大蒜硫化合物的所有这些作用都在各种人类癌症中得到了证明。本文献研究旨在探讨大蒜衍生产品和生物活性有机硫化合物作为癌症化学预防和化学治疗剂的潜力。本研究采用系统评价的标准，并批判性地分析了已发表的体外，体内和临床研究。解决了过去研究中在测量标准，生物利用度和给药方法方面出现的关注和限制。总体而言，希望通过这种系统和全面的审查，未来的研究人员能够了解有关大蒜及其植物成分抗癌特性的最新数据。
