Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, RJ 24230-410, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, IB, UFF, RJ 24210-130, Brazil.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jan;90:107220. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107220. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Since the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, different treatment strategies have been explored. These mainly involve the development of antimicrobial, antiviral, and/or anti-inflammatory agents as well as vaccine production. However, other potential options should be more avidly investigated since vaccine production on a worldwide level, and the anti-vaccination movement, also known as anti-vax or vaccine hesitancy by many communities, are still real obstacles without a ready solution. This review presents recent findings on the potential therapeutic advantages of heterologous serotherapy for the treatment of COVID-19. We present not only the effective use in animal models of hyperimmune sera against this coronavirus but also strategies, and protocols for the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 sera. Promising antigens are also indicated such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which is already in phase 2/3 clinical trial, and the trimeric protein S, which was shown to be up to 150 times more potent than the serum from convalescent donors. Due to the high death rate, the treatment for those currently infected with coronavirus cannot be ignored. Therefore, the potential use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune sera should be carefully but urgently evaluated in phase 2/3 clinical studies.
自 COVID-19 大流行开始以来，已经探索了不同的治疗策略。这些主要涉及开发抗菌、抗病毒和/或抗炎药物以及疫苗生产。然而，由于疫苗在全球范围内的生产以及反疫苗运动（许多社区也称为反疫苗或疫苗犹豫）仍然是一个没有现成解决方案的真正障碍，因此应该更积极地研究其他潜在选择。这篇综述介绍了异源血清疗法治疗 COVID-19 的潜在治疗优势的最新发现。我们不仅介绍了针对这种冠状病毒的高免疫血清在动物模型中的有效使用，还介绍了生产抗 SARS-CoV-2 血清的策略和方案。有前途的抗原也被指出，例如 SARS-CoV-2 S 蛋白中的受体结合域（RBD），它已经在 2/3 期临床试验中，以及三聚体蛋白 S，它被证明比恢复期供体的血清有效 150 倍以上。由于高死亡率，目前感染冠状病毒的患者的治疗不容忽视。因此，在 2/3 期临床试验中，应仔细但紧急评估抗 SARS-CoV-2 高免疫血清的潜在用途。
