工作劣势人群：年龄、工作年限和残疾在不稳定工作中的作用。
The working disadvantaged: the role of age, job tenure and disability in precarious work.
机构信息
Institute for Work & Health, Suite 1800, 480 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5A 1S5, Canada.
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 10;20(1):1900. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09938-1.
BACKGROUND
Precarious work is an increasingly common characteristic of industrialized labor markets that can widen health inequities, especially among disadvantaged workforce segments. Study objectives are to compare precarious employment in workers with and without disabilities, and to examine the modifying effect of disability in the relationships between age, job tenure and precarious work.
METHODS
Employed Canadians with (n = 901) and without disabilities (n = 901) were surveyed on exposure to precarious working conditions. Information on age and job tenure were collected from respondents along with sociodemographic, health and work context details. Multivariable logistic models examined the association between disability and precarious work. Also, multigroup probit models examined precarious work for young (18-35 yrs), middle-aged (36-50 yrs) and older adults (> 50 yrs) and job tenure and was stratified by participants with and without disabilities.
RESULTS
Almost equal proportions of young, middle-aged and older participants were recruited. Mean job tenure of participants was 9.5 years (SD = 9.0). Close to one-third of participants reported working precariously. At the multivariable level, a disability was not associated with working precariously. However, multigroup modelling indicated that disability was a significant effect-modifier. Older adults with a disability had a 1.88 times greater odds of reporting precarious work when compared to young adults (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.19, 2.98). When reporting a disability, longer job tenure was related to a 0.95 times lower odds of precarious work (OR = 0.95 95%CI 0.93, 0.98). The relationship between age and job tenure was not significant for those not reporting a disability.
DISCUSSION
Precarious work has the potential to affect workers with and without disabilities. For those with a disability, being an older adult and/or a new worker can contribute to a greater likelihood of being employed precariously. Policies and programs can be recommended to address precarious working conditions and related health inequities for people with disabilities based on life and career phase.
背景
不稳定工作是工业化劳动力市场越来越普遍的特征，这种特征可能会扩大健康不平等，尤其是在处于不利地位的劳动力群体中。本研究的目的是比较残疾工人和非残疾工人的不稳定就业情况，并检验残疾对年龄、工作年限与不稳定工作之间关系的调节作用。
方法
对有（n=901）和无（n=901）残疾的加拿大就业人员进行了接触不稳定工作条件的调查。从受访者处收集了年龄和工作年限的信息，同时还收集了社会人口统计学、健康和工作环境的详细信息。多变量逻辑模型检验了残疾与不稳定工作之间的关联。此外，还使用多组概率模型检验了年轻人（18-35 岁）、中年人（36-50 岁）和老年人（>50 岁）的不稳定工作与工作年限之间的关系，并按有残疾和无残疾的参与者进行了分层。
结果
招募了几乎相同比例的年轻、中年和老年参与者。参与者的平均工作年限为 9.5 年（SD=9.0）。近三分之一的参与者报告工作不稳定。在多变量水平上，残疾与不稳定工作无关。然而，多组模型表明，残疾是一个显著的调节因素。与年轻成年人相比，有残疾的老年成年人报告不稳定工作的可能性高 1.88 倍（OR=1.88，95%CI 1.19，2.98）。当报告残疾时，工作年限较长与不稳定工作的可能性降低 0.95 倍相关（OR=0.95，95%CI 0.93，0.98）。对于没有报告残疾的人，年龄与工作年限之间的关系并不显著。
讨论
不稳定工作可能会影响有残疾和无残疾的工人。对于有残疾的人来说，作为一个老年人和/或新工人，可能会增加从事不稳定工作的可能性。可以根据生活和职业阶段，为残疾人士推荐解决不稳定工作条件和相关健康不平等的政策和方案。
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