Northoff Georg, Gomez-Pilar Javier
Mental Health Center/7th Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Healthcare Group, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada.
Schizophr Bull. 2021 Apr 29;47(3):751-765. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa178.
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder exhibiting alterations in spontaneous and task-related cerebral activity whose relation (termed "state dependence") remains unclear. For unraveling their relationship, we review recent electroencephalographic (and a few functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies in schizophrenia that assess and compare both rest/prestimulus and task states, ie, rest/prestimulus-task modulation. Results report reduced neural differentiation of task-related activity from rest/prestimulus activity across different regions, neural measures, cognitive domains, and imaging modalities. Together, the findings show reduced rest/prestimulus-task modulation, which is mediated by abnormal temporospatial dynamics of the spontaneous activity. Abnormal temporospatial dynamics, in turn, may lead to abnormal prediction, ie, predictive coding, which mediates cognitive changes and psychopathological symptoms, including confusion of internally and externally oriented cognition. In conclusion, reduced rest/prestimulus-task modulation in schizophrenia provides novel insight into the neuronal mechanisms that connect task-related changes to cognitive abnormalities and psychopathological symptoms.
精神分裂症是一种复杂的精神障碍，其表现为自发的和与任务相关的大脑活动发生改变，而它们之间的关系（称为“状态依赖性”）仍不清楚。为了阐明它们之间的关系，我们回顾了近期针对精神分裂症的脑电图（以及一些功能磁共振成像）研究，这些研究评估并比较了静息/刺激前状态和任务状态，即静息/刺激前-任务调制。结果表明，在不同区域、神经测量指标、认知领域和成像方式中，与任务相关的活动相对于静息/刺激前活动的神经分化有所减少。总体而言，这些发现显示静息/刺激前-任务调制减弱，这是由自发活动的异常时空动态所介导的。反过来，异常的时空动态可能导致异常预测，即预测编码，它介导认知变化和精神病理症状，包括内外定向认知的混淆。总之，精神分裂症中静息/刺激前-任务调制的减弱为将与任务相关的变化与认知异常和精神病理症状联系起来的神经元机制提供了新的见解。
