School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Beibei Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 6;269:113682. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113682. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
"Dogel ebs" was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., which has been widely utilized in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine for thousands of years. Shen Nong's Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing in Chinese pinyin) recorded that it is bitter in taste and cold in nature with the effect of clearing heat and eliminating dampness, insecticide, diuresis. Due to its extensive application in the fields of ethnopharmacological utilization, the pharmaceutical researches of Sophora flavescens Ait.s keeps deepening. Modern pharmacological studies have exhibited that matrine, which is rich in this traditional herbal medicine, mediates its main biological properties.
This review aimed at summarizing the latest and comprehensive information of matrine on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches to explore the therapeutic potential of this natural ingredient. In addition, outlooks and perspective for possible future researches that related are also discussed.
Related information concerning matrine was gathered from the internet database of Google scholar, Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library with the keywords including "matrine", "pharmacology", "toxicology" and "pharmacokinetics", "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: Based on literatures, matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and so on. Nevertheless, there are still some doubts about it due to the toxicity and questionable bioavailability that does exist.
Future researches directions probably include elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity and accurately tracing the in vivo behavior of its drug delivery system. Without doubt, integration of toxicity and efficiency and structure modification based on it are also pivotal methods to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.
“狗尾草”，又名苦参，在中国传统蒙医药的临床实践中已有数千年的应用历史。《神农本草经》（中文拼音：Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing）记载其味苦性寒，具有清热燥湿、杀虫利尿的功效。由于苦参在民族药理学应用领域的广泛应用，其药物研究不断深入。现代药理学研究表明，苦参中富含的苦参碱介导了其主要的生物活性。
本综述旨在总结苦参碱在药理学、药代动力学、毒性、临床应用和制剂研究方面的最新和全面信息，以探讨这种天然成分的治疗潜力。此外，还讨论了可能的未来研究的展望和观点。
通过谷歌学术、PubMed、ResearchGate、Web of Science 和 Wiley Online Library 等互联网数据库，以“苦参碱”、“药理学”、“毒理学”和“药代动力学”、“临床应用”等关键词收集有关苦参碱的相关信息。
根据文献，苦参碱具有多种药理作用，包括抗癌、抗炎、抗菌、解毒等。然而，由于其存在毒性和生物利用度可疑等问题，人们对其仍存在一些疑问。
未来的研究方向可能包括阐明其毒性机制，并准确追踪其药物传递系统的体内行为。毫无疑问，基于苦参碱的毒性和效率整合以及结构修饰也是提高其药理活性和生物利用度的关键方法。
