Gori Anthonin, Boucherle Benjamin, Rey Aurélien, Rome Maxime, Fuzzati Nicola, Peuchmaur Marine
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pole Chimie BP 53, 38000 Grenoble, France; CHANEL Parfums Beauté, 8 Rue du Cheval Blanc, 93500 Pantin, France.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, Bâtiment E Pole Chimie BP 53, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Fitoterapia. 2021 Jan;148:104798. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104798. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
The active component extraction from plants is the first crucial step in natural product research. For non-targeted extraction with an objective to isolate and characterize as many compounds as possible, the most classical technique, and the simplest to implement, is the Soxhlet extraction; however, it does not allow retrieving all the compounds from the plant (when it does not additionally cause artifacts during long heating process). The second most used technique is the extraction by successive macerations using solvents of increasing polarity. While this method is frequently used, few studies are available to rationalize and optimize it. Furthermore, this extraction technique requires some enhancement mainly for efficiency, environmental and time constraint reasons. Here, we present an innovative method of successive macerations using a mixture of solvents with the aim of simultaneously improving the yield, the partition of the compounds between the different phases and reducing the volume of extraction solvents. Triphasic systems were prepared by mixing five solvents (n-heptane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, butan-1-ol, water) in various proportions. To validate this method, the most efficient triphasic system was subsequently used to perform three successive macerations with a polarity gradient on a model plant before being extended to several alpine plants. Our results showed an overall good yield compared to conventional maceration techniques, while improving phase partition and reducing extraction time and volume of solvents.
从植物中提取活性成分是天然产物研究的首要关键步骤。对于旨在分离和鉴定尽可能多化合物的非靶向提取而言，最经典且实施最简单的技术是索氏提取；然而，它无法从植物中获取所有化合物（在长时间加热过程中还不会额外产生假象）。第二常用的技术是使用极性递增的溶剂进行连续浸渍提取。虽然这种方法经常被使用，但很少有研究对其进行合理化和优化。此外，由于效率、环境和时间限制等原因，这种提取技术需要一些改进。在此，我们提出一种使用混合溶剂进行连续浸渍的创新方法，旨在同时提高产率、化合物在不同相之间的分配，并减少提取溶剂的用量。通过将五种溶剂（正庚烷、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、正丁醇、水）按不同比例混合制备了三相体系。为验证该方法，随后使用最有效的三相体系在一种模式植物上进行了三次具有极性梯度的连续浸渍，之后将其扩展到几种高山植物。我们的结果表明，与传统浸渍技术相比，总体产率良好，同时改善了相分配，减少了提取时间和溶剂用量。
