University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Psychology, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada.
University of Toronto Scarborough, Department of Psychology, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Jan;177:107361. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107361. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
Spontaneous recognition memory tasks explore thewhat,whereandwhencomponents of recognition memory. These tasks are widely used in rodents to assess cognitive function across the lifespan. While several neurodevelopmental and mental disorders present symptom onset in early life, very little is known about how memories are expressed in early life, and as a consequence how they may be affected in pathological conditions. In this review, we conduct an analysis of the studies examining the expression of spontaneous recognition memory in young rodents. We compiled studies using four different tasks: novel object recognition, object location, temporal order recognition and object place. First, we identify major sources of variability between early life spontaneous recognition studies and classify them for later comparison. Second, we use these classifications to explore the current knowledge on the ontogeny of each of these four spontaneous recognition memory tasks. We conclude by discussing the possible implications of the relative time of onset for each of these tasks and their respective neural correlates. In compiling this research, we hope to advance on establishing a developmental timeline for the emergence of distinct components of recognition memory, while also identifying key areas of focus for future research. Establishing the ontogenetic profile of rodent spontaneous recognition memory tasks will create a necessary blueprint for cognitive assessment in animal models of neurodevelopmental and mental disorders, a first step towards improved and earlier diagnosis as well as novel intervention strategies.
自发识别记忆任务探索识别记忆的“what,where,and,when”成分。这些任务在啮齿动物中被广泛用于评估整个生命周期的认知功能。虽然一些神经发育和精神障碍在生命早期出现症状，但对于早期生活中记忆是如何表达的，以及它们在病理条件下可能如何受到影响，知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们对研究年轻啮齿动物自发识别记忆表达的研究进行了分析。我们汇集了使用四种不同任务的研究：新物体识别、物体位置、时间顺序识别和物体位置。首先，我们确定了早期自发识别研究中主要的变异来源，并对其进行分类，以便以后进行比较。其次，我们使用这些分类来探讨这四个自发识别记忆任务的各个任务的发展情况。最后，我们讨论了这些任务各自的神经相关性及其相对起始时间的可能影响。在编译这项研究时，我们希望能够确定识别记忆不同成分出现的发展时间表，同时确定未来研究的重点领域。建立啮齿动物自发识别记忆任务的发生发展概况，将为神经发育和精神障碍的动物模型中的认知评估创建一个必要的蓝图，这是改善和早期诊断以及新的干预策略的第一步。
