Grozdanova Tsvetinka, Trusheva Boryana, Alipieva Kalina, Popova Milena, Dimitrova Lyudmila, Najdenski Hristo, Zaharieva Maya M, Ilieva Yana, Vasileva Bela, Miloshev George, Georgieva Milena, Bankova Vassya
Institute of Organic Chemistry With Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 9, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 26, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
BMC Chem. 2020 Dec 11;14(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13065-020-00726-x.
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a new alternative to toxic organic solvents. Their constituents are primary metabolites, non-toxic, biocompatible and sustainable. In this study four selected NADES were applied for the extraction of two medicinal plants: Sideritis scardica, and Plantago major as an alternative to water-alcohol mixtures, and the antimicrobial and genotoxic potential of the extracts were studied. The extraction efficiency was evaluated by measuring the extracted total phenolics, and total flavonoids. Best extraction results for total phenolics for the studied plants were obtained with choline chloride-glucose 5:2 plus 30% water; but surprisingly these extracts were inactive against all tested microorganisms. Extracts with citric acid-1,2-propanediol 1:4 and choline chloride-glycerol 1:2 showed good activity against S. pyogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Low genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were observed for all four NADES and the extracts with antimicrobial activity. Our results confirm the potential of NADESs for extraction of bioactive constituents of medicinal plants and further suggest that NADES can improve the effects of bioactive extracts. Further studies are needed to clarify the influence of the studied NADES on the bioactivity of dissolved substances, and the possibility to use such extracts in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
天然深共熔溶剂（NADES）是有毒有机溶剂的一种新型替代品。其成分是初级代谢产物，无毒、具有生物相容性且可持续。在本研究中，选用了四种NADES用于提取两种药用植物：鳞叶铁角蕨和大车前草，以替代水 - 醇混合物，并研究了提取物的抗菌和遗传毒性潜力。通过测量提取的总酚和总黄酮来评估提取效率。对于所研究的植物，使用氯化胆碱 - 葡萄糖5:2加30%水获得了总酚的最佳提取结果；但令人惊讶的是，这些提取物对所有测试微生物均无活性。柠檬酸 - 1,2 - 丙二醇1:4和氯化胆碱 - 甘油1:2的提取物对化脓性链球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌显示出良好的活性。所有四种NADES以及具有抗菌活性的提取物均观察到低遗传毒性和细胞毒性。我们的结果证实了NADES在提取药用植物生物活性成分方面的潜力，并进一步表明NADES可以提高生物活性提取物的效果。需要进一步研究以阐明所研究的NADES对溶解物质生物活性的影响，以及在制药和食品工业中使用此类提取物的可能性。
