Leal Mariana, Moreno María Alejandra, Albornoz Patricia Liliana, Mercado María Inés, Zampini Iris Catiana, Isla María Inés
Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina.
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Apr 4;12(7):1554. doi: 10.3390/plants12071554.
The production of smokeable tobacco for use in cigarettes is characterized by the production of pre-harvest and post-harvest waste, with ensuing undesirable effects on the environment. The inflorescences of tobacco after blunting, deflowering, or topping are considered pre-harvest waste and left in the field. Using green and ecofriendly solvents such as Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs), these wastes could be used to obtain antioxidant molecules of interest in cosmetics. Taking into account its potential as plant matrix to obtain metabolites of commercial interest, tobacco inflorescences and inflorescence powders of different particle sizes were characterized by optic and electronic microscopy. Thus, the powdered inflorescences were extracted with four conventional solvents, i.e., distilled water (DW), acetone: distilled water (AW), ethanol 70° (EW), methanol (Me), and five NaDESs, i.e., lactic acid: sucrose (LAS), lactic acid: sucrose: distilled water (SALA), fructose: glucose: sucrose: distilled water (FGS), choline chloride: urea: distilled water (CU), and citric acid: propylene glycol (CAP). Among the tested NADESs, SALA was the most promising solvent; higher extraction yields of total phenolic compound (3420.0 ± 9.4 µg GAE/mL) than conventional solvents were attained and it was the only selective solvent to phenolics. CU was the best solvent for flavonoids and alkaloids extraction (215.3 ± 3.2 µg QE/mL and 392.3 ± 8.0 µg ACE/mL, respectively). All extracts showed antioxidant activity. A heatmap with dendrogram and main component analysis showed that acid-based NaDESs are grouped together, this group being the one with the best performance in HO scavenging. The extracts obtained with green solvents could be used directly in cosmetic formulations as antioxidant ingredients because both tobacco flower oil and flower extracts are listed in the cosmetic ingredients database as non-toxic products. Additionally, the demand for sustainable ecological cosmetics is growing. In this sense, NaDESs represent an opportunity to develop innovative extracts with unique phytochemical fingerprints and biological activities.
用于卷烟的可吸食烟草的生产特点是会产生收获前和收获后的废弃物，对环境产生不良影响。烟草打顶、去花或摘心后的花序被视为收获前的废弃物，留在田间。使用绿色环保溶剂，如天然低共熔溶剂（NaDESs），这些废弃物可用于获取化妆品中感兴趣的抗氧化分子。考虑到烟草作为获取具有商业价值代谢物的植物基质的潜力，对不同粒径的烟草花序和花序粉末进行了光学和电子显微镜表征。因此，用四种传统溶剂，即蒸馏水（DW）、丙酮：蒸馏水（AW）、70°乙醇（EW）、甲醇（Me），以及五种NaDESs，即乳酸：蔗糖（LAS）、乳酸：蔗糖：蒸馏水（SALA）、果糖：葡萄糖：蔗糖：蒸馏水（FGS）、氯化胆碱：尿素：蒸馏水（CU）、柠檬酸：丙二醇（CAP），对粉末状花序进行提取。在所测试的NaDESs中，SALA是最有前景的溶剂；总酚化合物的提取率（3420.0±9.4μg GAE/mL）高于传统溶剂，并且它是唯一对酚类有选择性的溶剂。CU是提取黄酮类化合物和生物碱的最佳溶剂（分别为215.3±3.2μg QE/mL和392.3±8.0μg ACE/mL）。所有提取物均表现出抗氧化活性。带有树形图的热图和主成分分析表明，基于酸的NaDESs聚集在一起，该组在清除羟基自由基方面表现最佳。用绿色溶剂获得的提取物可直接用作化妆品配方中的抗氧化成分，因为烟草花油和花提取物在化妆品成分数据库中均被列为无毒产品。此外，对可持续生态化妆品的需求正在增长。从这个意义上说，NaDESs代表了一个开发具有独特植物化学指纹和生物活性的创新提取物的机会。
