University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), 1330 Broadway, Suite 1100, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
Ibis Reproductive Health, 1736 Franklin Street, Suite 600, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Jan;269:113567. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113567. Epub 2020 Nov 29.
The Turnaway Study was the first to follow women denied abortions because of state law or facility policy over five years. The study has found negative effects on women's socioeconomic status, physical health, and on their children's wellbeing. However, women did not suffer lasting mental health consequences, prompting questions about the effects of denial on women's emotions.
In this mixed methods study, we used quantitative and qualitative interview data from the Turnaway Study to offer insight into these findings. We surveyed 161 women who were denied abortions at 30 facilities across the United States between 2008 and 2010 one week after the abortion denial and semiannually over five years. Mixed-effects regression analyses examined emotions about having been denied the abortion over time. To contextualize the quantitative findings, we draw on in-depth qualitative interviews with 15 participants, conducted in 2014-2015, for their accounts of their emotions and feelings over time.
Survey participants reported both negative and positive emotions about the abortion denial one week after. Emotions became significantly less negative and more positive over their pregnancy and after childbirth. In multivariable models, lower social support, more difficulty deciding to seek abortion, and placing the baby for adoption were associated with reporting more negative emotions. Interviews revealed how, for some, belief in antiabortion narratives contributed to initial positive emotions. Subsequent positive life events and bonding with the child also led to positive retrospective evaluations of the denial.
Findings of emergent positive emotions about having been denied an abortion suggest that individuals are able to cope emotionally with an abortion denial, although evidence that policies leading to abortion denial cause significant health and socioeconomic harms remains.
《拒绝堕胎女性研究》是第一项针对因州法律或医疗机构政策而被拒绝堕胎的女性进行长达五年随访的研究。该研究发现，这对女性的社会经济地位、身体健康以及子女的幸福都产生了负面影响。然而，女性并未遭受持久的心理健康后果，这引发了关于拒绝堕胎对女性情绪影响的问题。
在这项混合方法研究中，我们使用了《拒绝堕胎女性研究》中的定量和定性访谈数据，以深入了解这些发现。我们调查了 2008 年至 2010 年间在美国 30 家机构因州法律或医疗机构政策而被拒绝堕胎的 161 名女性，在堕胎被拒绝后的一周和五年半的时间里每半年进行一次调查。混合效应回归分析考察了随着时间的推移对被拒绝堕胎的情绪变化。为了使定量研究结果更具背景，我们借鉴了 2014 年至 2015 年对 15 名参与者进行的深入定性访谈，了解她们随着时间的推移对情绪的描述和感受。
调查参与者在堕胎被拒绝后的一周内报告了既消极又积极的情绪。随着怀孕和分娩，情绪变得不那么消极，更加积极。在多变量模型中，社会支持较低、决定寻求堕胎的困难更大以及将婴儿送养，与报告更消极的情绪相关。访谈揭示了一些人如何因为相信反堕胎的说法而最初产生积极的情绪。随后的积极生活事件和与孩子的亲密关系也导致对拒绝堕胎的积极回溯评价。
关于对被拒绝堕胎产生积极情绪的发现表明，个人能够在情感上应对堕胎拒绝，尽管有证据表明导致堕胎拒绝的政策会造成重大的健康和社会经济危害。
