认知处理速度与轻度认知障碍和轻度痴呆患者的驾驶技能、财务能力和其他日常生活活动能力密切相关。
Cognitive Processing Speed Is Strongly Related to Driving Skills, Financial Abilities, and Other Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia.
机构信息
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
出版信息
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021 Sep 13;76(10):1829-1838. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa312.
BACKGROUND
Cognitive processing speed is important for performing everyday activities in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, its role in daily function has not been examined while simultaneously accounting for contributions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk biomarkers. We examine the relationships of processing speed and genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers to composites of daily function, mobility, and driving.
METHOD
We used baseline data from 103 participants on the MCI/mild dementia spectrum from the Applying Programs to Preserve Skills trial. Linear regression models examined relationships of processing speed, structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic risk alleles for AD to composites of performance-based instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), community mobility, and on-road driving evaluations.
RESULTS
In multivariable models, processing speed and the brain MRI neurodegeneration biomarker Spatial Pattern of Abnormality for Recognition of Early Alzheimer's disease (SPARE-AD) were significantly associated with functional and mobility composite performance. Better processing speed and younger age were associated with on-road driving ratings. Genetic risk markers, left hippocampal atrophy, and white matter lesion volumes were not significant correlates of these abilities. Processing speed had a strong positive association with IADL function (p < .001), mobility (p < .001), and driving (p = .002).
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive processing speed is strongly and consistently associated with critical daily functions in persons with MCI in models including genetic and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD risk. SPARE-AD scores also significantly correlate with IADL performance and mobility. Results highlight the central role of processing speed in everyday task performance among persons with MCI/mild dementia.
背景
认知加工速度对于轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者执行日常活动很重要。然而，在同时考虑阿尔茨海默病（AD）风险生物标志物的贡献的情况下，其对日常功能的作用尚未得到检验。我们研究了加工速度以及遗传和神经影像学生物标志物与日常功能、移动性和驾驶的综合表现之间的关系。
方法
我们使用了应用程序保留技能试验中 103 名处于 MCI/轻度痴呆谱中的参与者的基线数据。线性回归模型检验了加工速度、结构磁共振成像（MRI）和 AD 遗传风险等位基因与基于表现的工具性日常生活活动（IADL）、社区移动性和道路驾驶评估综合表现之间的关系。
结果
在多变量模型中，加工速度和大脑 MRI 神经退行性病变生物标志物早期阿尔茨海默病识别的空间模式异常（SPARE-AD）与功能和移动性综合表现显著相关。更好的加工速度和更年轻的年龄与道路驾驶评级相关。遗传风险标志物、左侧海马萎缩和白质病变体积与这些能力没有显著相关性。加工速度与 IADL 功能（p<0.001）、移动性（p<0.001）和驾驶（p=0.002）呈强烈正相关。
结论
在包括 AD 风险遗传和神经影像学生物标志物的模型中，认知加工速度与 MCI 患者的关键日常功能密切相关且一致。SPARE-AD 评分也与 IADL 表现和移动性显著相关。结果突出了加工速度在 MCI/轻度痴呆患者日常任务表现中的核心作用。
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