Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
J Psychosom Res. 2021 Feb;141:110328. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110328. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
Italy has been largely involved by the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of the lockdown during the pandemic on mental health adopting both a longitudinal and a cross-sectional design. Accordingly, the study investigated general psychopathology a few weeks before the COVID-19 outbreak (T0) and during lockdown (T1), and the associations between lockdown-related environmental conditions, self-perceived worsening in daily living and psychopathology.
130 subjects (aged 18-60 years) were included in the longitudinal design, and an additional subsample of 541 subjects was recruited for the in-lockdown evaluation. Socio-demographic data and the Brief Symptom Inventory were collected both at T0 and T1. Moreover, at T1 an online survey was administered for the evaluation of lockdown-related environmental conditions and self-perceived variations in daily living induced by quarantine, along with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised.
Longitudinal analysis showed that phobic anxiety and depressive symptoms increased at T1 as compared with T0, whereas interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation decreased. Pre-existing general psychopathology predicted COVID-19-related post-traumatic symptomatology. Cross-sectional analyses underlined that self-perceived deteriorations in various areas of daily living were associated with general and post-traumatic psychopathology, and with several lockdown-related conditions, especially economic damage.
The present study underlined a different trend of increased internalizing and decreased interpersonal symptoms during COVID-19 quarantine in Italy. Furthermore, the results showed that subjects with pre-existing psychopathology and those reporting economic damage during the pandemic were more likely to develop deterioration of their mental health.
意大利深受 COVID-19 大流行的影响。本研究旨在通过纵向和横断面设计评估大流行期间封锁对心理健康的影响。因此，本研究在 COVID-19 爆发前几周（T0）和封锁期间（T1）调查了一般心理病理学，并调查了与封锁相关的环境条件、自我感知日常生活恶化与心理病理学之间的关联。
130 名（年龄 18-60 岁）受试者纳入纵向设计，另外招募了 541 名受试者进行封锁期间评估。在 T0 和 T1 均收集了社会人口统计学数据和简明症状量表。此外，在 T1 时还进行了一项在线调查，以评估与封锁相关的环境条件以及检疫引起的日常生活自我感知变化，以及修订后的事件影响量表。
纵向分析显示，与 T0 相比，T1 时恐怖焦虑和抑郁症状增加，而人际敏感和偏执观念减少。先前存在的一般心理病理学预测了 COVID-19 相关创伤后症状。横断面分析强调，自我感知日常生活各个领域的恶化与一般和创伤后心理病理学以及与封锁相关的多种条件有关，尤其是经济损失。
本研究强调了意大利 COVID-19 隔离期间内化症状增加和人际症状减少的不同趋势。此外，研究结果表明，有先前存在的心理病理学和在大流行期间报告经济损失的受试者更有可能出现心理健康恶化。
