Nowakiewicz Aneta, Zięba Przemysław, Gnat Sebastian, Matuszewski Łukasz
Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Dec 9;9(12):883. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9120883.
The constant market demand for easily available and cheap food of animal origin necessitates an increasing use of antibiotics in animal production. The alarming data provided by organizations monitoring drug resistance in indicator and pathogenic bacteria isolated from humans and animals indicate a possible risk of a return to the preantibiotic era. For this reason, it seems that both preventive and therapeutic measures, taken as an alternative to antimicrobials, seem not only advisable but also necessary. Nevertheless, the results of various studies and market analyses, as well as difficulties in the implementation of alternative substances into veterinary medicine, do not guarantee that the selected alternatives will completely replace antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and animal production on a global scale. This publication is a brief overview of the drug resistance phenomenon and its determinants, the steps taken to solve the problem, including the introduction of alternatives to antimicrobials, and the evaluation of some factors influencing the potential implementation of alternatives in animal production. The review also presents two groups of alternatives, which, given their mechanism of action and spectrum, are most comparable to the effectiveness of antibiotics, as emphasized by the authors.
市场对易于获取且价格低廉的动物源性食品的持续需求，使得动物生产中抗生素的使用日益增加。监测从人和动物中分离出的指示菌和病原菌耐药性的组织提供的警示数据表明，有可能出现回到抗生素前时代的风险。因此，作为抗菌药物的替代措施，采取预防和治疗手段似乎不仅可取，而且必要。然而，各项研究和市场分析的结果，以及将替代物质应用于兽医学的困难，无法保证所选替代物能在全球范围内完全取代兽医学和动物生产中的抗菌药物。本出版物简要概述了耐药现象及其决定因素、为解决该问题所采取的措施，包括引入抗菌药物的替代物，以及对影响替代物在动物生产中潜在应用的一些因素的评估。该综述还介绍了两组替代物，正如作者所强调的，鉴于其作用机制和抗菌谱，这两组替代物在效果上与抗生素最为相近。
