Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 5148507, Japan.
Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 243-0292, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2020 Dec 14;39(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40101-020-00250-w.
The prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern in Japan. The effects of the relationship between eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS remained unclear. To evaluate nutrition's role in preventing or exacerbating MetS, we examined the associations among eating behavior, nutritional intake, and MetS for the baseline study in the cohort subjects undergone health checkups.
Four thousand and four hundred forty-seven Japanese men and women were enrolled at the Saku Central Hospital. They received an anthropometric and clinical examination and were assessed for present illness, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, drinking, and dietary habits at the enrollment. Eating behavior was analyzed by the Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Dietary assessment was made using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Two thousand and six hundred two men and 1844 women aged more than 20 were analyzed.
The mean age in men and women were 59.2 and 58.4 years old and the mean body mass index (BMI) were 23.7 and 22.3 kg/m, respectively. The percentages of MetS were 20.6 in men and 6.1 in women. In some nutrients, significantly higher energy-adjusted intakes in subjects without MetS than with Mets appeared both in men and women after age adjustment. After adjusting by age, energy-adjusted intake beverages in men and cereals in women were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were significantly worse in subjects with MetS than those without MetS.
The differences in dietary intake between subjects with Mets and without Mets were relatively small. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were worse in subjects with MetS than without MetS. It was suggested that the problem lay in the quality of diet, not in the quantity, caused by bad eating habits. The potential influence of eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS was presented in men and women.
代谢综合征（MetS）的预防是日本的一个主要公共卫生关注点。饮食行为与营养摄入对 MetS 的影响尚不清楚。为了评估营养在预防或加重 MetS 中的作用，我们在接受健康检查的队列受试者的基线研究中检查了饮食行为、营养摄入与 MetS 之间的关系。
我们招募了 4447 名日本男性和女性受试者，他们在酒田中央医院接受了体格检查和临床检查，并在入组时评估了当前疾病、生活方式因素（如体力活动、吸烟、饮酒和饮食习惯）。饮食行为通过酒田饮食行为问卷进行分析。膳食评估采用简短的自我管理饮食史问卷进行。分析了 20 岁以上的 2602 名男性和 1844 名女性。
男性和女性的平均年龄分别为 59.2 岁和 58.4 岁，平均体重指数（BMI）分别为 23.7kg/m²和 22.3kg/m²。男性 MetS 的比例为 20.6%，女性为 6.1%。在一些营养素中，经过年龄调整后，无论男性还是女性，无 MetS 受试者的能量调整后摄入量均显著高于 MetS 受试者。在调整年龄后，男性的饮料和女性的谷物的能量调整后摄入量在有 MetS 的受试者中显著高于无 MetS 的受试者。所有类别的饮食行为评分在有 MetS 的受试者中均显著差于无 MetS 的受试者。
有 MetS 和无 MetS 受试者之间的膳食摄入量差异相对较小。有 MetS 的受试者的所有饮食行为类别的评分均差于无 MetS 的受试者。这表明，问题在于不良饮食习惯导致的饮食质量而非数量。饮食行为和营养摄入对 MetS 的潜在影响在男性和女性中均有体现。
