School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2021 Jun;46(6):651-660. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0621. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
Unhealthy food advertising can negatively impact children's food preferences and nutritional health. In Canada, only companies participating in the self-regulatory Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) commit to limiting unhealthy food advertising to children. We analyzed food advertising from 182 Canadian television stations in 2018. A principal component analysis explored patterns of advertising by 497 food companies and their targeting of preschoolers, children, adolescents, and adults. Chi-square analyses tested differences in the volume of advertising between target age groups by heavily advertising food companies and by CAI-participating and non-participating companies. In 2018, Maple Leaf Foods, Boulangerie St-Méthode, Exceldor Foods, Goodfood Market and Sobeys advertised most frequently during preschooler-programming. General Mills, Kellogg's, the Topps Company, Parmalat and Post Foods advertised most frequently during child-programming, while Burger King, McDonald's, General Mills, Kellogg's and Wendy's advertised most frequently during adolescent-programming. CAI-participating companies were responsible for over half of the food advertising broadcast during programs targeted to children (55%), while they accounted for less than half of the food advertising aired during programs targeting preschoolers (24%), adolescents (41%) and adults (42%). Statutory food advertising restrictions are needed to limit food companies' targeting of young people on television in Canada. Advertising from fast food restaurant chains dominated television programming targeted to adolescents in 2018. Advertising from breakfast cereal, candy, and snack manufacturers dominated television programming targeted at children in 2018. Over 100 Canadian and transnational companies contravened broadcast restrictions on advertising to preschoolers in 2018.
不健康的食品广告会对儿童的食物偏好和营养健康产生负面影响。在加拿大，只有参与自我监管的儿童食品和饮料广告倡议 (CAI) 的公司承诺限制向儿童宣传不健康的食品。我们分析了 2018 年来自 182 家加拿大电视台的食品广告。主成分分析探讨了 497 家食品公司的广告模式及其针对学龄前儿童、儿童、青少年和成年人的广告定位。卡方分析检验了在儿童节目中，高广告投放食品公司以及 CAI 参与公司和非参与公司在目标年龄组广告量方面的差异。2018 年，枫叶食品、 Boulangerie St-Méthode、Exceldor 食品、Goodfood Market 和 Sobeys 在学龄前儿童节目中广告投放最频繁。金宝汤公司、通用磨坊、家乐氏、都宝和帕斯食品在儿童节目中广告投放最频繁，而汉堡王、麦当劳、通用磨坊、家乐氏和温迪在青少年节目中广告投放最频繁。CAI 参与公司负责在针对儿童的节目中播放的食品广告的一半以上（55%），而他们在针对学龄前儿童（24%）、青少年（41%）和成年人（42%）的节目中播放的食品广告不到一半。加拿大需要制定法定的食品广告限制，以限制食品公司在电视上针对年轻人的广告投放。2018 年，快餐连锁餐厅的广告主导了针对青少年的电视节目。2018 年，早餐麦片、糖果和零食制造商的广告主导了针对儿童的电视节目。2018 年，超过 100 家加拿大和跨国公司违反了针对学龄前儿童的广告播出限制。
