在自我监管环境下，儿童和青少年接触电视上不健康食品和饮料广告的差异。
Differences in child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television in a self-regulatory environment.
机构信息
School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
School of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 Mar 23;23(1):555. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15027-w.
BACKGROUND
Food and beverage promotion is a contributor to children's dietary behaviours, and ultimately, downstream health consequences. Broadcast television remains an important source of such advertising. The objective of this study was to examine and compare children and adolescent's exposure to food advertising on television in Canada over an entire year in a self-regulatory environment.
METHODS
Television advertising data for 57 selected food and beverage categories were licensed from Numerator for 36 stations in Toronto, for 2019. The estimated average number of advertisements viewed by children aged 2-11 and adolescents aged 12-17 was determined overall, by food category, and by marketing technique. The healthfulness of advertisements was also assessed using Health Canada's Nutrient Profile Model.
RESULTS
Overall in 2019, children viewed 2234.4 food ads/person/yr while adolescents viewed 1631.7 ads, exposure for both groups stemmed primarily from stations with general appeal, and both age groups were exposed to a range of powerful marketing techniques. Exposure to advertising for restaurants, snacks, breakfast food and candy and chocolate was high among both age groups and the healthfulness of most advertised products was considered poor. Adolescents were exposed to 36.4% more food products classified as unhealthy, had higher exposure to all marketing techniques examined, and were exposed to substantially more child-related marketing techniques compared to children.
CONCLUSION
Children and adolescents were heavily exposed to food advertisements on television in 2019. Despite current self-regulatory policies, children's exposure to unhealthy food and beverages remains high. Differences in exposure to food advertisements by food category and healthfulness may suggest that adolescents are being disproportionately targeted by food companies as a result of self-regulatory marketing restrictions.
背景
食品和饮料促销是导致儿童饮食行为的因素之一，最终会对下游健康产生影响。广播电视仍然是此类广告的重要来源。本研究的目的是在自我监管环境下，研究并比较加拿大儿童和青少年在一整年中通过电视接触食品广告的情况。
方法
为了 2019 年在多伦多的 36 个电视频道上获取 57 种选定食品和饮料类别的电视广告数据，从 Numerator 获得了许可。确定了儿童（2-11 岁）和青少年（12-17 岁）总体、按食品类别和营销技术观看的广告数量。还使用加拿大卫生部的营养成分模型评估了广告的健康程度。
结果
2019 年，儿童共观看了 2234.4 个食品广告/人/年，而青少年观看了 1631.7 个广告，这两个年龄段的广告主要来自具有普遍吸引力的电视台，两个年龄段都接触了各种强大的营销技术。餐馆、小吃、早餐食品、糖果和巧克力的广告对两个年龄段都具有很高的曝光率，而且大多数广告产品的健康程度都较差。青少年接触到的被归类为不健康的食品产品比儿童多 36.4%，接触到的所有营销技术都较多，并且与儿童相比，他们接触到的儿童相关营销技术更多。
结论
2019 年，儿童和青少年在电视上接触到大量食品广告。尽管目前有自我监管政策，但儿童接触不健康食品和饮料的情况仍然很高。按食品类别和健康程度划分的广告接触差异可能表明，由于自我监管的营销限制，食品公司对青少年的目标定位不成比例。
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