Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, One Baylor Plaza, Jones 314, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 16;10(1):22092. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79022-6.
Human milk is the optimal nutrition source for infants, and oligosaccharides represent the third most abundant component in milk after lactose and fat. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are favorable macromolecules which are, interestingly, indigestible by the infant but serve as substrates for bacteria. Hypothesizing that the maternal diet itself might influence HMO composition, we sought to directly determine the effect maternal diet on HMO and the milk bacteria. Employing a human cross-over study design, we demonstrate that distinct maternal dietary carbohydrate and energy sources preferentially alter milk concentrations of HMO, including fucosylated species. We find significant associations between the concentration of HMO-bound fucose and the abundance of fucosidase (a bacterial gene that digests fucose moieties) harbored by milk bacteria. These studies reveal a successive mechanism by which the maternal diet during lactation alters milk HMO composition, which in turn shapes the functional milk microbiome prior to infant ingestion.
母乳是婴儿的最佳营养来源，而低聚糖是仅次于乳糖和脂肪的牛奶中第三丰富的成分。人乳寡糖（HMO）是一种有利的大分子物质，有趣的是，婴儿无法消化，但可作为细菌的底物。我们假设母体饮食本身可能会影响 HMO 的组成，因此我们试图直接确定母体饮食对 HMO 和乳细菌的影响。采用人体交叉研究设计，我们证明不同的母体饮食碳水化合物和能量来源优先改变 HMO 的牛奶浓度，包括岩藻糖基化的物质。我们发现 HMO 结合的岩藻糖浓度与乳细菌中携带的岩藻糖苷酶（一种消化岩藻糖基的细菌基因）的丰度之间存在显著关联。这些研究揭示了哺乳期母体饮食改变 HMO 组成的连续机制，进而在婴儿摄入之前塑造了功能性乳微生物组。
