Liu Xiongfang, Ma Yongpeng, Wan Youming, Li Zhenghong, Ma Hong
Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China.
Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Nov 30;11:580812. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580812. eCollection 2020.
L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant species. Various medicinal compounds in the fruit make it an important medicinal and promising economic material. The plant is widely distributed in Southwestern and Southern China. However, due to massive deforestation and land reclamation as well as deterioration of its natural habitat in recent years, the wild resources of this species have been sharply reduced, and it is rare to see large-scale wild forests so far. In order to effectively protect and rationally utilize this species, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and population dynamics of 260 individuals from 10 populations of sampled from the dry climate area in Yunnan and wet climate area in Guangxi using 20 polymorphic EST-SSR markers. We found high genetic diversity at the species level (e = 0.796) and within populations (e = 0.792), but low genetic differentiation among populations ( = 0.084). In addition, most genetic variation existed within populations (92.44%) compared with variation among the populations (7.56%). Meanwhile, the NJ tree, STRUCTURE, and hierarchical analysis suggested that the sampled individuals were clustered into two distinct genetic groups. In contrast, the genetic diversity of the dry climate group (e = 0.786, a = 11.790, = 1.962) was higher than that of the wet climate group (e = 0.673, a = 9.060, = 1.555), which might be attributed to the combined effects of altitude, precipitation, and geographic distance. Interestingly, only altitude and precipitation had significant pure effects on the genetic diversity, and the former was slightly stronger. In addition, DIYABC analysis suggested the effective population size of might have contracted in the beginning of the Last Glacial Maximum. These genetic features provided vital information for the conservation and sustainable development of genetic resources of , and they also provided new insights and guidelines for ecological restoration and economic development in dry-hot valleys of Yunnan and karst areas in Guangxi.
L.是一种著名的药食两用植物物种。果实中的各种药用化合物使其成为重要的药用和有前景的经济材料。该植物广泛分布于中国西南部和南部。然而，由于近年来大规模的森林砍伐、土地开垦以及其自然栖息地的恶化，该物种的野生资源急剧减少，迄今为止很少见到大规模的野生林。为了有效保护和合理利用该物种，我们使用20个多态性EST-SSR标记，对从云南干旱气候区和广西湿润气候区采集的10个种群的260个个体的遗传多样性、遗传结构和种群动态进行了研究。我们发现该物种水平上（e = 0.796）和种群内（e = 0.792）的遗传多样性较高，但种群间的遗传分化较低（ = 0.084）。此外，与种群间变异（7.56%）相比，大多数遗传变异存在于种群内（92.44%）。同时，NJ树、STRUCTURE和层次分析表明，采样个体被聚类为两个不同的遗传组。相比之下，干旱气候组（e = 0.786，a = 11.790， = 1.962）的遗传多样性高于湿润气候组（e = 0.673，a = 9.060， = 1.555），这可能归因于海拔、降水和地理距离的综合影响。有趣的是，只有海拔和降水对遗传多样性有显著的纯效应，且前者稍强。此外，DIYABC分析表明，在末次盛冰期开始时， 的有效种群大小可能已经收缩。这些遗传特征为 的遗传资源保护和可持续发展提供了重要信息，也为云南干热河谷和广西喀斯特地区的生态恢复和经济发展提供了新的见解和指导。
