Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
Clinic of Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2021;80(4):745-755. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2020.0141. Epub 2020 Dec 17.
Satellite glial cells are specialised cells that form a functional perineuronal sheath around sensory ganglion neurons. There are a large number of studies that reveal the morphological and functional characteristics of these cells. Satellite glial cells have been studied both in intact ganglions and in tissue cultures, using light and transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemical and other methods. Satellite glial cells have polygonal form; they are mononuclear and have developed synthetic organelles, numerous receptors, adhesion molecules and ion channels, which enable them to interact with adjacent neurons, as well as transmit signals in the ganglions of the peripheral nervous system. Based on the literature data, satellite glial cells thanks to their characteristics can receive signals from other cells and react to changes in their surroundings. Previous studies have investigated the potential role of satellite glial cells in the formation of the blood-nervous tissue barrier of the peripheral nervous system, as well as in the neuropathic pain genesis. Some recent discoveries support the fact that satellite glial cells can participate in controlling of local viral infections and protecting pseudounipolar neurons from mentioned infections.
卫星胶质细胞是一种特化的细胞，它在感觉神经节神经元周围形成功能性的神经周细胞鞘。有大量的研究揭示了这些细胞的形态和功能特征。卫星胶质细胞已经在完整的神经节和组织培养中进行了研究，使用了光镜和透射电镜、免疫组织化学和其他方法。卫星胶质细胞呈多边形；它们是单核的，具有发达的合成细胞器、大量的受体、粘附分子和离子通道，使它们能够与相邻的神经元相互作用，并在周围神经系统的神经节中传递信号。根据文献数据，卫星胶质细胞由于其特性可以接收来自其他细胞的信号，并对周围环境的变化做出反应。先前的研究已经探讨了卫星胶质细胞在外周神经系统血-神经组织屏障形成以及神经病理性疼痛发生中的潜在作用。一些最近的发现支持这样一个事实，即卫星胶质细胞可以参与控制局部病毒感染，并保护假单极神经元免受上述感染。
