Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Computational Biology, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France.
Ophthalmology. 2021 Jun;128(6):866-876. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.12.009. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
We examined the association of habitual caffeine intake with intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma and whether genetic predisposition to higher IOP modified these associations. We also assessed whether genetic predisposition to higher coffee consumption was related to IOP.
Cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank.
We included 121 374 participants (baseline ages, 39-73 years) with data on coffee and tea intake (collected 2006-2010) and corneal-compensated IOP measurements in 2009. In a subset of 77 906 participants with up to 5 web-based 24-hour-recall food frequency questionnaires (2009-2012), we evaluated total caffeine intake. We also assessed the same relationships with glaucoma (9286 cases and 189 763 controls).
We evaluated multivariable-adjusted associations with IOP using linear regression and with glaucoma using logistic regression. For both outcomes, we examined gene-diet interactions using a polygenic risk score (PRS) that combined the effects of 111 genetic variants associated with IOP. We also performed Mendelian randomization using 8 genetic variants associated with coffee intake to assess potential causal effects of coffee consumption on IOP.
Intraocular pressure and glaucoma.
Mendelian randomization analysis did not support a causal effect of coffee drinking on IOP (P > 0.1). Greater caffeine intake was associated weakly with lower IOP: the highest (≥232 mg/day) versus lowest (<87 mg/day) caffeine consumption was associated with a 0.10-mmHg lower IOP (P = 0.01). However, the IOP PRS modified this association: among those in the highest IOP PRS quartile, consuming > 480 mg/day versus < 80 mg/day was associated with a 0.35-mmHg higher IOP (P = 0.01). The relationship between caffeine intake and glaucoma was null (P ≥ 0.1). However, the IOP PRS also modified this relationship: compared with those in the lowest IOP PRS quartile consuming no caffeine, those in the highest IOP PRS quartile consuming ≥ 321 mg/day showed a 3.90-fold higher glaucoma prevalence (P = 0.0003).
Habitual caffeine consumption was associated weakly with lower IOP, and the association between caffeine consumption and glaucoma was null. However, among participants with the strongest genetic predisposition to elevated IOP, greater caffeine consumption was associated with higher IOP and higher glaucoma prevalence.
我们研究了习惯性咖啡因摄入与眼内压（IOP）和青光眼之间的关系，以及对更高 IOP 的遗传易感性是否会改变这些关系。我们还评估了对更高咖啡摄入量的遗传易感性是否与 IOP 相关。
英国生物库的横断面研究。
我们纳入了 121374 名参与者（基线年龄 39-73 岁），他们的数据包括咖啡和茶的摄入量（2006-2010 年收集）和 2009 年的角膜补偿 IOP 测量值。在 77906 名具有多达 5 次基于网络的 24 小时回忆食物频率问卷（2009-2012 年）的亚组中，我们评估了总咖啡因摄入量。我们还使用逻辑回归评估了与青光眼（9286 例病例和 189763 例对照）相同的关系。
我们使用线性回归评估了 IOP 的多变量调整关联，使用逻辑回归评估了青光眼的关联。对于这两个结果，我们使用了一个多基因风险评分（PRS）来评估基因-饮食相互作用，该评分结合了 111 个与 IOP 相关的遗传变异的影响。我们还使用与咖啡摄入量相关的 8 个遗传变异进行了孟德尔随机化分析，以评估咖啡摄入对 IOP 的潜在因果效应。
眼内压和青光眼。
孟德尔随机化分析不支持喝咖啡对 IOP 的因果影响（P＞0.1）。较高的咖啡因摄入量与较低的 IOP 呈弱相关：最高（≥232mg/天）与最低（<87mg/天）的咖啡因摄入量与 0.10mmHg 的较低 IOP 相关（P=0.01）。然而，IOP PRS 改变了这种关联：在最高 IOP PRS 四分位组中，每天摄入>480mg 与<80mg 相比，IOP 升高 0.35mmHg（P=0.01）。咖啡因摄入量与青光眼之间的关系为零（P≥0.1）。然而，IOP PRS 也改变了这种关系：与最低 IOP PRS 四分位组中不摄入咖啡因的参与者相比，最高 IOP PRS 四分位组中每天摄入≥321mg 的参与者，青光眼的患病率高 3.90 倍（P=0.0003）。
习惯性咖啡因摄入与较低的 IOP 相关，而咖啡因摄入与青光眼之间的关系为零。然而，在对升高的 IOP 具有最强遗传易感性的参与者中，较高的咖啡因摄入与较高的 IOP 和较高的青光眼患病率相关。
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