Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;150(8):2164-2174. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa147.
Coffee and tea are the major contributors of caffeine in the diet. Evidence points to the premise that caffeine may benefit cognition.
We examined the associations of habitual regular coffee or tea and caffeine intake with cognitive function whilst additionally accounting for genetic variation in caffeine metabolism.
We included white participants aged 37-73 y from the UK Biobank who provided biological samples and completed touchscreen questionnaires regarding sociodemographic factors, medical history, lifestyle, and diet. Habitual caffeine-containing coffee and tea intake was self-reported in cups/day and used to estimate caffeine intake. Between 97,369 and 445,786 participants with data also completed ≥1 of 7 self-administered cognitive functioning tests using a touchscreen system (2006-2010) or on home computers (2014). Multivariable regressions were used to examine the association between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and cognition test scores. We also tested interactions between coffee, tea, or caffeine intake and a genetic-based caffeine-metabolism score (CMS) on cognitive function.
After multivariable adjustment, reaction time, Pairs Matching, Trail Making test B, and symbol digit substitution, performance significantly decreased with consumption of 1 or more cups of coffee (all tests P-trend < 0.0001). Tea consumption was associated with poor performance on all tests (P-trend < 0.0001). No statistically significant CMS × tea, CMS × coffee, or CMS × caffeine interactions were observed.
Our findings, based on the participants of the UK Biobank, provide little support for habitual consumption of regular coffee or tea and caffeine in improving cognitive function. On the contrary, we observed decrements in performance with intakes of these beverages which may be a result of confounding. Whether habitual caffeine intake affects cognitive function therefore remains to be tested.
咖啡和茶是饮食中咖啡因的主要来源。有证据表明，咖啡因可能有益于认知功能。
我们研究了习惯性饮用普通咖啡或茶以及咖啡因摄入与认知功能的关系，同时还考虑了咖啡因代谢的遗传变异。
我们纳入了来自英国生物库的年龄在 37-73 岁之间的白种参与者，他们提供了生物样本，并完成了关于社会人口因素、病史、生活方式和饮食的触摸屏问卷调查。习惯性含咖啡因的咖啡和茶的摄入量以杯/天为单位进行自我报告，并用于估计咖啡因摄入量。在 97369 至 445786 名参与者中，有数据的参与者还使用触摸屏系统（2006-2010 年）或家用电脑（2014 年）完成了至少 1 项自我管理的认知功能测试。多变量回归用于检查咖啡、茶或咖啡因摄入量与认知测试分数之间的关系。我们还测试了咖啡、茶或咖啡因摄入量与基于遗传的咖啡因代谢评分（CMS）对认知功能的交互作用。
经过多变量调整后，反应时间、配对匹配、追踪测试 B 和符号数字替换测试的表现随着 1 杯或更多杯咖啡的消耗而显著下降（所有测试 P 趋势<0.0001）。茶的消费与所有测试的表现不佳相关（P 趋势<0.0001）。未观察到 CMS×茶、CMS×咖啡或 CMS×咖啡因的交互作用有统计学意义。
我们的研究结果基于英国生物库的参与者，几乎没有提供习惯性饮用普通咖啡或茶和咖啡因对改善认知功能的支持。相反，我们观察到这些饮料的摄入量与表现下降有关，这可能是混杂因素的结果。习惯性咖啡因摄入是否会影响认知功能仍有待测试。
