Waszkiewicz Napoleon, Pawłowicz Katarzyna, Okuniewska Natalia, Kwiatkowski Mikołaj, Zalewski Daniel, Wilczyńska Karolina, Szulc Agata, Galińska-Skok Beata, Konarzewska Beata, Maciejczyk Mateusz, Zalewska Anna
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Plac Brodowicza 1 Str., 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Partyzantów 2/4 Str., 05-802 Pruszków, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2020 Dec 15;9(12):4054. doi: 10.3390/jcm9124054.
Serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), an 80 kDa glycoprotein, is one of the most commonly employed biomarkers to detect alcohol dependence. Some salivary glycoproteins such as α-amylase, clusterin, haptoglobin, light/heavy-chain immunoglobulin, and transferrin, which alter glycosylation in alcohol-dependent persons, have been suggested to be potential alcohol markers. However, their identification is based on indirect analysis of lectin glycosidic bonds and molecular weight. We investigated the CDT content in the saliva of alcohol- and nicotine-dependent men. The CDT concentration (ng/mL, ng/mg protein) was determined by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) commercial kit in 55 men: 20 healthy social drinkers (C), 10 chronic cigarette smokers (S), 10 alcohol-dependent non-smokers (A), and 15 alcohol-dependent smokers (AS). Surprisingly, there were no differences in the concentrations of CDT between the studied groups. Salivary pH was the lowest in the AS and the highest in the A group. Therefore, salivary CDT cannot be used as an alcohol dependence marker as measured by ELISA. We suggest that direct identification of glycoproteins is necessary to search for potential salivary alcohol biomarkers. Molecules smaller than 40 kDa, which easily translocate from blood to the saliva, might be preferred as salivary alcohol markers.
血清缺糖转铁蛋白（CDT）是一种80 kDa的糖蛋白，是检测酒精依赖最常用的生物标志物之一。一些唾液糖蛋白，如α-淀粉酶、簇集素、触珠蛋白、轻/重链免疫球蛋白和转铁蛋白，在酒精依赖者中会发生糖基化改变，已被认为是潜在的酒精标志物。然而，它们的鉴定是基于对凝集素糖苷键和分子量的间接分析。我们研究了酒精和尼古丁依赖男性唾液中的CDT含量。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）商业试剂盒测定了55名男性的CDT浓度（ng/mL，ng/mg蛋白）：20名健康社交饮酒者（C）、10名慢性吸烟者（S）、10名酒精依赖非吸烟者（A）和15名酒精依赖吸烟者（AS）。令人惊讶的是，研究组之间的CDT浓度没有差异。唾液pH值在AS组中最低，在A组中最高。因此，通过ELISA测量，唾液CDT不能用作酒精依赖标志物。我们建议，直接鉴定糖蛋白对于寻找潜在的唾液酒精生物标志物是必要的。小于40 kDa的分子容易从血液转移到唾液中，可能更适合作为唾液酒精标志物。
