Nybergh Lotta, Bergström Gunnar, Hellman Therese
Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels Väg 13, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, 801 76, Gävle, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 17;20(1):1914. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-10045-4.
Common mental disorders present the main reason for registered sick leave in Sweden today, and women are at a higher risk of such sick leave than men. The aim of our study was to explore how the experiences of work- and home-related demands as well as resources influence return-to-work among employees sick-listed for common mental disorders in Sweden. Specifically, we aimed to explore similarities and differences in patterns of experiences among women and men.
A qualitative design with semi-structured focus group interviews was applied. One pilot interview and six additional focus groups, with a total of 28 participants, were conducted. The focus group discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed with conventional content analysis.
The analysis resulted in four main categories and eight sub-categories. While the study aim was to explore aspects of work and home, additional considerations related to internal demands and involved actors were also found. The main and sub-categories were "Home-related demands and resources" (sub-categories: "Not on sick leave for home-related demands", "Feeling responsible for relationships and the well-being of others", "An affected economy" and "Finding energizing activities and creating routines"), "Work-related demands and resources" (sub-categories: "Encountering tough emotions and an over-bearing feeling of responsibility at work", "Continued work-related demands create un-certainty about the future", "Loss of boundaries" and "(Desired) support from managers and colleagues"), "Internal demands and resources" and "Demands and resources linked to involved actors". The experiences described among women and men were similar in some categories while patterns of experiences differed in others.
Home-related demands and resources influence return-to-work among women and men sick-listed for common mental disorders in Sweden, also when work-related demands are experienced as the main reason for the sick leave period. Furthermore, several of these aspects were described differently among women and men, which highlights the need to consider possible gender differences in relation to return-to-work, while maintaining attention to individual variations.
常见精神障碍是当今瑞典登记病假的主要原因，女性休此类病假的风险高于男性。我们研究的目的是探讨与工作和家庭相关的需求及资源体验如何影响瑞典因常见精神障碍而列入病假名单的员工重返工作岗位。具体而言，我们旨在探究男性和女性在体验模式上的异同。
采用定性设计，进行半结构化焦点小组访谈。开展了一次试点访谈和另外六个焦点小组访谈，共有28名参与者。焦点小组讨论进行了录音并逐字转录。采用传统内容分析法对数据进行分析。
分析得出四个主要类别和八个子类别。虽然研究目的是探讨工作和家庭方面的情况，但也发现了与内部需求和相关行为者有关的其他因素。主要类别和子类别包括“与家庭相关的需求和资源”（子类别：“未因家庭相关需求休病假”、“对人际关系和他人福祉感到负责”、“经济受影响”以及“找到充满活力的活动并建立日常规律”）、“与工作相关的需求和资源”（子类别：“在工作中遇到强烈情绪和过度的责任感”、“持续的工作相关需求给未来带来不确定性”、“界限丧失”以及“来自经理和同事的（期望的）支持”）、“内部需求和资源”以及“与相关行为者相关的需求和资源”。男性和女性描述的体验在某些类别中相似，而在其他类别中体验模式不同。
在瑞典，与家庭相关的需求和资源会影响因常见精神障碍而列入病假名单的男性和女性重返工作岗位，即使与工作相关需求被视为病假期间的主要原因。此外，男性和女性对其中几个方面的描述有所不同，这凸显了在关注重返工作岗位时考虑可能存在的性别差异的必要性，同时也要关注个体差异。
