Western States Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4230 University Drive Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States.
J Safety Res. 2020 Dec;75:51-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.07.005. Epub 2020 Aug 9.
Vessel disasters (e.g., sinkings, capsizings) are a leading contributor to fatalities in the U.S. commercial fishing industry. Primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the occurrence of vessel disasters, which can only be done by developing an understanding of their causes and risk factors. If less serious vessel casualties (e.g., loss of propulsion, fire, flooding) are predictors of future disasters, then reducing vessel casualties should in turn reduce vessel disasters and the accompanying loss of life.
This case-control study examined the association between vessel casualties and disasters using fishing vessels in Alaska during 2010-2015.
The findings show that vessels that experienced casualties within a preceding 10-year period were at increased odds of disaster. Other significant predictors included safety decal status and hull material. Practical Applications: The results of this analysis emphasize the importance of implementing vessel-specific preventive maintenance plans. At an industry level, specific prevention policies should be developed focusing on high-risk fleets to identify and correct a wide range of safety deficits before they have catastrophic and fatal consequences.
船只灾难（例如沉没、翻船）是美国商业捕鱼业人员死亡的主要原因。需要采取主要预防策略来减少船只灾难的发生，而这只能通过了解其原因和风险因素来实现。如果不太严重的船只伤亡（例如失去推进力、火灾、洪水）是未来灾难的预测指标，那么减少船只伤亡应该会反过来减少船只灾难及其伴随的生命损失。
本病例对照研究使用 2010-2015 年期间阿拉斯加的渔船来检验船只伤亡与灾难之间的关联。
研究结果表明，在过去 10 年内经历过伤亡的船只发生灾难的几率更高。其他重要的预测因素包括安全贴花的状态和船体材料。
该分析结果强调了实施特定船只预防性维护计划的重要性。在行业层面上，应制定具体的预防政策，重点关注高风险船队，以便在灾难性和致命后果发生之前发现和纠正广泛的安全缺陷。
