Hepatology Unit. Hospital Gustavo Fricke. Viña del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile.
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 17;10(1):22275. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78970-3.
Chile has become a popular destination for migrants from South America and the Caribbean (low- and middle-income countries migration). Close to 200.000 Haitian migrants have arrived in Chile. Infectious and non-infectious disease burden among the Haitian adult population living in Chile is unknown. This study aimed to acquire the basic health information (selected transmissible and non-transmissible conditions) of the Haitian adult population living in Chile. A cross-sectional survey was performed, inviting Haitian-born residents in Chile older than 18 years old. Common conditions and risk factors for disease were assessed, as well as selected transmissible conditions (HIV, HBV, and HCV). 498 participants (60.4% female) from 10 communities in two regions of Chile were surveyed. Most subjects had never smoked (91.5%), and 80% drank less than one alcohol unit per month. The mean BMI was 25.6, with 45% of participants having a normal BMI (20-25). Hypertension was present in 31.5% (33% in the 25-44 age group). Prevalence of HIV was 2.4% (95 CI 1.3-4.2%), hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) was 3.4% (95 CI 2.1-5.5%), and hepatitis C was 0% (95 CI 0.0-0.9%). Quality of life showed a significant prevalence of depression and anxiety markers, particularly in those arriving in Chile less than 1 year ago. Low prevalence of obesity, diabetes, smoking, and drinking and estimated cardiovascular risk were found. Nonetheless, hypertension at a younger age, disproportionately higher prevalence of HIV and HBV infection and frequent markers of anxiety and depression were also found. Public policies for detecting and treating hypertension, HIV, and HBV screening, offering HBV vaccination, and organizing mental health programs for Haitian immigrants, are urgently needed.
智利已成为来自南美洲和加勒比地区（中低收入国家移民）移民的热门目的地。已有近 20 万海地移民抵达智利。居住在智利的海地成年人口的传染病和非传染病负担尚不清楚。本研究旨在获取居住在智利的海地成年人口的基本健康信息（选择的传染性和非传染性疾病）。进行了一项横断面调查，邀请智利出生的 18 岁以上海地居民参加。评估了常见疾病和疾病风险因素，以及选定的传染性疾病（HIV、HBV 和 HCV）。在智利两个地区的 10 个社区调查了 498 名参与者（60.4%为女性）。大多数受试者从未吸烟（91.5%），80%的人每月饮酒量少于 1 个单位。平均 BMI 为 25.6，45%的参与者 BMI 正常（20-25）。31.5%的人患有高血压（25-44 岁年龄组中 33%的人患有高血压）。HIV 的患病率为 2.4%（95%CI 1.3-4.2%），乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性（HBsAg 阳性）的患病率为 3.4%（95%CI 2.1-5.5%），丙型肝炎的患病率为 0%（95%CI 0.0-0.9%）。生活质量显示出抑郁和焦虑标志物的显著流行率，尤其是那些在智利居住不到 1 年的人。肥胖、糖尿病、吸烟和饮酒的发病率较低，心血管疾病风险估计较低。然而，也发现了年轻人群中的高血压、HIV 和 HBV 感染的比例过高以及焦虑和抑郁的常见标志物。迫切需要制定公共政策，以检测和治疗高血压、HIV 和 HBV 筛查、提供 HBV 疫苗接种以及为海地移民组织心理健康计划。
