Di Gioia Sante, Hossain Md Niamat, Conese Massimo
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Laboratory of Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Open Med (Wars). 2020 Nov 9;15(1):1096-1122. doi: 10.1515/med-2020-0160. eCollection 2020.
Exosomes-like nanoparticles can be released by a variety of plants and vegetables. The relevance of plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) in interspecies communication is derived from their content in biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and miRNAs), absence of toxicity, easy internalization by mammalian cells, as well as for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Due to these interesting features, we review here their potential application in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), liver diseases, and cancer as well as their potentiality as drug carriers. Current evidence indicate that PDNVs can improve the disease state at the level of intestine in IBD mouse models by affecting inflammation and promoting prohealing effects. While few reports suggest that anticancer effects can be derived from antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties of PDNVs, other studies have shown that PDNVs can be used as effective delivery systems for small molecule agents and nucleic acids with therapeutic effects (siRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs). Finally, since PDNVs are characterized by a proven stability in the gastrointestinal tract, they have been considered as promising delivery systems for natural products contained therein and drugs (including nucleic acids) via the oral route.
多种植物和蔬菜均可释放出类似外泌体的纳米颗粒。植物来源的纳米囊泡（PDNVs）在种间通讯中的相关性源于其生物分子（脂质、蛋白质和微小RNA）含量、无毒性、易于被哺乳动物细胞内化，以及它们的抗炎、免疫调节和再生特性。鉴于这些有趣的特性，我们在此综述它们在治疗炎症性肠病（IBD）、肝脏疾病和癌症方面的潜在应用，以及它们作为药物载体的潜力。目前的证据表明，PDNVs可通过影响炎症和促进愈合作用，改善IBD小鼠模型肠道水平的疾病状态。虽然少数报告表明，PDNVs的抗增殖和免疫调节特性可产生抗癌作用，但其他研究表明，PDNVs可作为小分子药物和具有治疗作用的核酸（小干扰RNA、微小RNA和DNA）的有效递送系统。最后，由于PDNVs在胃肠道中具有已被证实的稳定性，它们被认为是通过口服途径递送其中所含天然产物和药物（包括核酸）的有前景的递送系统。
