University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Sports Med. 2010 Feb;31(2):110-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1242811. Epub 2009 Dec 17.
We examined effects of 21 weeks of strength and/or endurance training and nutrition on serum hormones and physical fitness in 39-64-year-old women. Subjects (n=79) were randomized into the endurance group (E), strength group (S), combined group (SE) and controls (C). Total body strength training and high-intensity bicycle training were used. Average energy and nutrient intake remained the same in all groups. Body fat (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) decreased significantly in all training groups and body mass index in E, SE and C. Only SE increased total body lean mass (2.2%, p=0.001), between groups p=0.044. Maximal cycling power increased more in E (16%) and SE (17%) than in S (8%)(all p<0.001), between groups p<0.001. Knee extension strength increased only in S (7%, p=0.006) and SE (11%, p<0.001). The changes in serum hormones did not differ between the groups, except insulin-like growth factor-1 (p=0.028), characterized by an 8% (p=0.097) increase in SE and a 7% (p=0.074) decrease in C. In women combined training led to marked improvements in physical fitness and body composition. Energy and protein intake was sufficient to ensure training-induced adaptations in muscle mass and physical fitness in response to both endurance and strength training, even though the energy balance was slightly negative in the endurance-trained groups.
我们研究了 21 周的力量和/或耐力训练以及营养对 39-64 岁女性血清激素和身体健康的影响。受试者（n=79）被随机分为耐力组（E）、力量组（S）、综合组（SE）和对照组（C）。使用全身力量训练和高强度自行车训练。所有组的平均能量和营养素摄入保持不变。所有训练组的体脂（双能 X 射线吸收法）和 E、SE 和 C 的体重指数均显著下降。只有 SE 增加了全身瘦体重（2.2%，p=0.001），组间差异为 p=0.044。E（16%）和 SE（17%）的最大骑行功率增加明显高于 S（8%）（均 p<0.001），组间差异 p<0.001。仅 S（7%，p=0.006）和 SE（11%，p<0.001）的膝关节伸展力量增加。血清激素的变化在各组之间没有差异，除了胰岛素样生长因子-1（p=0.028），SE 组增加了 8%（p=0.097），C 组减少了 7%（p=0.074）。在女性中，综合训练导致身体健康和身体成分显著改善。能量和蛋白质摄入足以确保肌肉质量和身体健康的训练适应性，以适应耐力和力量训练，尽管在耐力训练组中能量平衡略有负值。
