University of California, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, 2029 Sheridan Road, Swift Hall 102, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Feb 15;281:247-255. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.016. Epub 2020 Dec 8.
Stressful life experiences and personality can influence one another. Personality may contribute to the amount and type of stress individuals experience, which is referred to as a selection effect. Life stress may also impact one's personality, which is referred to as a socialization effect. It was hypothesized that neuroticism would predict increased chronic and episodic stress (selection effect) and that chronic and episodic stress would predict increased neuroticism (socialization effect).
The current study investigated selection and socialization effects of neuroticism and life stress over a three-year period in 627 adolescents. Life stress data were examined in terms of duration (chronic versus episodic) and type (interpersonal versus non-interpersonal). Episodic stress data were examined as dependent or independent.
The results from ten cross-lagged panel models provided some evidence for significant selection and socialization effects depending on stress type. Over three years, we observed that neuroticism increases interpersonal chronic stress and non-interpersonal stressful events (selection effects) and that dependent non-interpersonal stressful events and chronic stress increase neuroticism (socialization effects).
Study limitations include a lack of a lifespan perspective and a statistical approach that does not differentiate between- from within-person variance.
Findings suggest the value of attending to stress response as well as targeting neuroticism in prevention and intervention approaches in adolescents.
生活压力和性格可以相互影响。性格可能会影响个体经历的压力的数量和类型，这被称为选择效应。生活压力也可能影响一个人的性格，这被称为社会化效应。本研究假设神经质会预测慢性和偶发性压力的增加（选择效应），而慢性和偶发性压力会预测神经质的增加（社会化效应）。
本研究在三年内对 627 名青少年进行了神经质和生活压力的选择和社会化效应研究。生活压力数据根据持续时间（慢性与偶发性）和类型（人际与非人际）进行了检查。偶发性压力数据作为因变量或自变量进行了检查。
十个交叉滞后面板模型的结果提供了一些证据，表明压力类型取决于选择和社会化效应。三年来，我们观察到神经质会增加人际慢性压力和非人际压力事件（选择效应），而依赖型非人际压力事件和慢性压力会增加神经质（社会化效应）。
研究的局限性包括缺乏生命历程的视角和一种不能区分个体间方差和个体内方差的统计方法。
研究结果表明，在青少年的预防和干预方法中，关注应激反应以及针对神经质的价值。
