Van Emon Megan, Sanford Carla, McCoski Sarah
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59301, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Dec 16;10(12):2404. doi: 10.3390/ani10122404.
Nutritional status can have major implications for animal health and production. Energy balance is easily determined using a body condition scoring system. This allows producers to readily adjust diets to meet an animal's needs. Far less obvious is an animal's trace mineral status, which is typically not assessed until an animal's performance falls below expectation or illness is detected. Trace mineral toxicities and deficiencies can manifest as reduced thriftiness and/or poor reproductive performance, resulting in economic consequences for producers. Maternal mineral status not only impacts dam heath, but also the health of subsequent offspring. Both the oocyte and embryo are susceptible to changes in maternal mineral status. This susceptibility is maintained throughout fetal development via placental control of nutrient transfer to the fetal system. Furthermore, maternal mineral status continues to impact offspring health via colostrum and milk quality. Herein we discuss the roles of trace minerals in bovine reproductive performance, maternal health, colostrum and milk quality, and offspring health.
营养状况对动物健康和生产有着重大影响。使用体况评分系统可以轻松确定能量平衡。这使生产者能够轻松调整日粮以满足动物的需求。动物的微量矿物质状况则远没有那么明显，通常直到动物的生产性能低于预期或检测到疾病时才会进行评估。微量矿物质的毒性和缺乏会表现为节俭性降低和/或繁殖性能不佳，给生产者带来经济后果。母体矿物质状况不仅会影响母体健康，还会影响后代的健康。卵母细胞和胚胎都容易受到母体矿物质状况变化的影响。这种易感性在整个胎儿发育过程中通过胎盘对营养物质向胎儿系统的转运控制得以维持。此外，母体矿物质状况继续通过初乳和牛奶质量影响后代健康。在此，我们讨论微量矿物质在牛繁殖性能、母体健康、初乳和牛奶质量以及后代健康中的作用。
