Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM (School of Translational Research in Metabolism), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2020 Dec 16;12(12):3839. doi: 10.3390/nu12123839.
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by T-helper (Th) 2 inflammation. Current lifestyle recommendations for asthma patients are to consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables and to maintain a healthy weight. This raises the question of whether other nutritional interventions may also improve asthma-related outcomes and whether these changes occur via immunomodulation. Therefore, we systematically reviewed studies that reported both asthma-related outcomes as well as immunological parameters and searched for relations between these two domains. A systematic search identified 808 studies, of which 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were divided over six nutritional clusters: herbs, herbal mixtures and extracts ( = 6); supplements ( = 4); weight loss ( = 3); vitamin D3 ( = 5); omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) ( = 5); and whole-food approaches ( = 5). Fifteen studies reported improvements in either asthma-related outcomes or immunological parameters, of which eight studies reported simultaneous improvements in both domains. Two studies reported worsening in either asthma-related outcomes or immunological parameters, of which one study reported a worsening in both domains. Promising interventions used herbs, herbal mixtures or extracts, and omega-3 LCPUFAs, although limited interventions resulted in clinically relevant results. Future studies should focus on further optimizing the beneficial effects of nutritional interventions in asthma patients, e.g., by considering the phenotypes and endotypes of asthma.
哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是辅助性 T 细胞（Th）2 炎症。目前针对哮喘患者的生活方式建议是食用富含水果和蔬菜的饮食，并保持健康的体重。这就提出了一个问题，即其他营养干预措施是否也可以改善与哮喘相关的结果，以及这些变化是否通过免疫调节发生。因此，我们系统地回顾了报告哮喘相关结果和免疫参数的研究，并搜索了这两个领域之间的关系。系统搜索确定了 808 项研究，其中 28 项研究符合纳入标准。这些研究分为六个营养组：草药、草药混合物和提取物（= 6）；补充剂（= 4）；减肥（= 3）；维生素 D3（= 5）；ω-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）（= 5）；和全食物方法（= 5）。有 15 项研究报告了哮喘相关结果或免疫参数的改善，其中 8 项研究报告了这两个领域的同时改善。有两项研究报告了哮喘相关结果或免疫参数的恶化，其中一项研究报告了这两个领域的同时恶化。有前途的干预措施使用了草药、草药混合物或提取物以及ω-3 LCPUFA，尽管有限的干预措施产生了临床相关的结果。未来的研究应侧重于进一步优化哮喘患者营养干预的有益效果，例如，通过考虑哮喘的表型和内型。
