Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Autovía Mudéjar Km. 299, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, 50830, Spain; Clinical Research Unit coordinator, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 15, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2021 Feb;50:101888. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2020.101888. Epub 2020 Dec 13.
Visible nursing work is usually associated with formal work and physician-delegated tasks which are protocolised and usually well documented. Nevertheless, nurses carry out many actions and display specific attitudes and behaviours which, despite contributing to the well-being, recovery of patients and satisfaction with the attention received, are not as visible. Previous studies have been conducted in order to define 'invisible nursing interventions', but no quantitative instruments focused on measuring invisible nursing interventions have been found in the literature.
To test the psychometric properties of the Perception of Invisible Nursing Care-Hospitalisation (PINC-H) questionnaire.
Cross-sectional survey design. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 381 participants recruited consecutively after discharge from a Spanish hospital. Data were collected from 2012 to 2020.
Three factors were identified from exploratory factor analysis, namely 'Caring for the person', 'Caring for the environment and the family' and 'Caring presence'. Criterion Validity Coefficient was highly significant (p < 0.001) with values ranging between 0.63 and 0.71. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96. Test-retest reliability was estimated in a subsample of 187 participants; in all the items, correlation coefficients were highly significant (p < 0.001) and within range (0.532-0.811) with a mean value of 0.680. Also, correlations between each dimension and the complete questionnaire indicated good temporal stability between measurements.
The instrument had satisfactory validity and reliability. PINC-H can contribute to highlight nursing interventions and behaviours which are often unseen and, thus, less valued. We argue that PINC-H will also be useful to evaluate the quality of invisible nursing care to oncology inpatients.
测试住院患者感知护理干预不可见性量表（PINC-H）的心理测量学特性。
采用横断面调查设计，连续招募 2012 年至 2020 年西班牙某医院出院患者 381 名，采用自行设计的问卷进行调查。
探索性因子分析确定了 3 个因子，分别为“关怀患者”“关怀环境和家庭”和“关怀存在”。效标关联效度系数（r）高度显著（p<0.001），范围在 0.63 到 0.71 之间。克朗巴赫 α系数为 0.96。187 名参与者的重测信度估计，所有项目的相关系数均高度显著（p<0.001）且在 0.532 到 0.811 之间，平均值为 0.680。各维度与整个问卷之间的相关性也表明，测量之间具有良好的时间稳定性。
该工具具有良好的信度和效度。PINC-H 可有助于突出护理干预和行为，这些干预和行为通常是看不见的，因此，价值被低估。我们认为，PINC-H 也将有助于评估肿瘤住院患者不可见护理质量。
